如何使用 Go 从给定的 UTF8 编码字符串中删除所有变音符号?例如变换字符串
"žůžo"
=> "zuzo"
。有标准的方法吗?
您可以使用Go 中的文本规范化中描述的库。
这是这些库的应用程序:
// Example derived from: http://blog.golang.org/normalization
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unicode"
"golang.org/x/text/transform"
"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
)
func isMn(r rune) bool {
return unicode.Is(unicode.Mn, r) // Mn: nonspacing marks
}
func main() {
t := transform.Chain(norm.NFD, transform.RemoveFunc(isMn), norm.NFC)
result, _, _ := transform.String(t, "žůžo")
fmt.Println(result)
}
transform.RemoveFunc
已弃用
您可以使用
Remove
包中的 runes
函数:
import (
"unicode"
"golang.org/x/text/runes"
"golang.org/x/text/transform"
"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
)
func normalize(s string) (string, error) {
t := transform.Chain(norm.NFD, runes.Remove(runes.In(unicode.Mn)), norm.NFC)
result, _, err := transform.String(t, s)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return result, nil
}
对现有答案进行一些扩展:
比较不同字符集字符串的互联网标准称为“PRECIS”(应用程序协议中国际化字符串的准备、执行和比较),并记录在RFC7564中。 golang.org/x/text/secure/precis 也有一个 Go 实现。
没有一个标准配置文件可以做你想要的事情,但是定义一个新的配置文件可以相当简单。您可能需要应用 Unicode 规范化形式 D(“D”代表“分解”,这意味着重音符号将被分开并成为它们自己的组合字符),然后删除任何组合字符作为附加映射规则的一部分,然后重新组合与规范化规则。像这样的东西:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unicode"
"golang.org/x/text/secure/precis"
"golang.org/x/text/transform"
"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
)
func main() {
loosecompare := precis.NewIdentifier(
precis.AdditionalMapping(func() transform.Transformer {
return transform.Chain(norm.NFD, transform.RemoveFunc(func(r rune) bool {
return unicode.Is(unicode.Mn, r)
}))
}),
precis.Norm(norm.NFC), // This is the default; be explicit though.
)
p, _ := loosecompare.String("žůžo")
fmt.Println(p, loosecompare.Compare("žůžo", "zuzo"))
// Prints "zuzo true"
}
这可以让您稍后扩展与更多选项的比较(例如宽度映射、大小写映射等)
还值得注意的是,在比较这样的字符串时,删除重音几乎从来都不是您真正想要做的事情,但是,在不知道您的用例的情况下,我实际上无法对您的项目做出这样的断言。为了防止精确配置文件的扩散,最好尽可能使用现有的配置文件之一。另请注意,我们没有努力优化示例配置文件。
对于任何想在 Go 中删除(或替换/展平)波兰语变音符号的人,您可以定义符文的映射:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"golang.org/x/text/runes"
"golang.org/x/text/secure/precis"
"golang.org/x/text/transform"
"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
)
func main() {
trans := transform.Chain(
norm.NFD,
precis.UsernameCaseMapped.NewTransformer(),
runes.Map(func(r rune) rune {
switch r {
case 'ą':
return 'a'
case 'ć':
return 'c'
case 'ę':
return 'e'
case 'ł':
return 'l'
case 'ń':
return 'n'
case 'ó':
return 'o'
case 'ś':
return 's'
case 'ż':
return 'z'
case 'ź':
return 'z'
}
return r
}),
norm.NFC,
)
result, _, _ := transform.String(trans, "ŻóŁć")
fmt.Println(result)
}
On Go 游乐场:https://play.golang.org/p/3ulPnOd3L91
这里是 JS 代码的改编版:在 JavaScript 中删除字符串中的重音符号/变音符号,它回答了 @paperback-writer 关于“Ł”字符的评论。
我在 Go 任何地方都找不到这段代码,这个 stackoverflow 是 Google 查询“去删除变音符号”的第一个结果。
希望有帮助!
/*
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package main
import (
"fmt"
"regexp"
"unicode/utf8"
)
var defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap = []struct {
base string
letters string
}{
{"A", "\u0041\u24B6\uFF21\u00C0\u00C1\u00C2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\u00C3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\u00C4\u01DE\u1EA2\u00C5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F"},
{"AA", "\uA732"},
{"AE", "\u00C6\u01FC\u01E2"},
{"AO", "\uA734"},
{"AU", "\uA736"},
{"AV", "\uA738\uA73A"},
{"AY", "\uA73C"},
{"B", "\u0042\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0182\u0181"},
{"C", "\u0043\u24B8\uFF23\u0106\u0108\u010A\u010C\u00C7\u1E08\u0187\u023B\uA73E"},
{"D", "\u0044\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018B\u018A\u0189\uA779\u00D0"},
{"DZ", "\u01F1\u01C4"},
{"Dz", "\u01F2\u01C5"},
{"E", "\u0045\u24BA\uFF25\u00C8\u00C9\u00CA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\u00CB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E"},
{"F", "\u0046\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B"},
{"G", "\u0047\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E"},
{"H", "\u0048\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D"},
{"I", "\u0049\u24BE\uFF29\u00CC\u00CD\u00CE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\u00CF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197"},
{"J", "\u004A\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248"},
{"K", "\u004B\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2"},
{"L", "\u004C\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780"},
{"LJ", "\u01C7"},
{"Lj", "\u01C8"},
{"M", "\u004D\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C"},
{"N", "\u004E\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\u00D1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u0220\u019D\uA790\uA7A4"},
{"NJ", "\u01CA"},
{"Nj", "\u01CB"},
{"O", "\u004F\u24C4\uFF2F\u00D2\u00D3\u00D4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\u00D5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\u00D6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\u00D8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C"},
{"OI", "\u01A2"},
{"OO", "\uA74E"},
{"OU", "\u0222"},
{"OE", "\u008C\u0152"},
{"oe", "\u009C\u0153"},
{"P", "\u0050\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754"},
{"Q", "\u0051\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A"},
{"R", "\u0052\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782"},
{"S", "\u0053\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784"},
{"T", "\u0054\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786"},
{"TZ", "\uA728"},
{"U", "\u0055\u24CA\uFF35\u00D9\u00DA\u00DB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\u00DC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244"},
{"V", "\u0056\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245"},
{"VY", "\uA760"},
{"W", "\u0057\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72"},
{"X", "\u0058\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C"},
{"Y", "\u0059\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\u00DD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE"},
{"Z", "\u005A\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762"},
{"a", "\u0061\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\u00E0\u00E1\u00E2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\u00E3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\u00E4\u01DF\u1EA3\u00E5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250"},
{"aa", "\uA733"},
{"ae", "\u00E6\u01FD\u01E3"},
{"ao", "\uA735"},
{"au", "\uA737"},
{"av", "\uA739\uA73B"},
{"ay", "\uA73D"},
{"b", "\u0062\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253"},
{"c", "\u0063\u24D2\uFF43\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\u00E7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184"},
{"d", "\u0064\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\uA77A"},
{"dz", "\u01F3\u01C6"},
{"e", "\u0065\u24D4\uFF45\u00E8\u00E9\u00EA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\u00EB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u025B\u01DD"},
{"f", "\u0066\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192\uA77C"},
{"g", "\u0067\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\u1D79\uA77F"},
{"h", "\u0068\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265"},
{"hv", "\u0195"},
{"i", "\u0069\u24D8\uFF49\u00EC\u00ED\u00EE\u0129\u012B\u012D\u00EF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131"},
{"j", "\u006A\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249"},
{"k", "\u006B\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3"},
{"l", "\u006C\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747"},
{"lj", "\u01C9"},
{"m", "\u006D\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F"},
{"n", "\u006E\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\u00F1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5"},
{"nj", "\u01CC"},
{"o", "\u006F\u24DE\uFF4F\u00F2\u00F3\u00F4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\u00F5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\u00F6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\u00F8\u01FF\u0254\uA74B\uA74D\u0275"},
{"oi", "\u01A3"},
{"ou", "\u0223"},
{"oo", "\uA74F"},
{"p", "\u0070\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755"},
{"q", "\u0071\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759"},
{"r", "\u0072\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783"},
{"s", "\u0073\u24E2\uFF53\u00DF\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B"},
{"t", "\u0074\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787"},
{"tz", "\uA729"},
{"u", "\u0075\u24E4\uFF55\u00F9\u00FA\u00FB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\u00FC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289"},
{"v", "\u0076\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C"},
{"vy", "\uA761"},
{"w", "\u0077\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73"},
{"x", "\u0078\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D"},
{"y", "\u0079\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\u00FD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\u00FF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF"},
{"z", "\u007A\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763"},
}
var diacriticsMap = map[rune]string{}
func init() {
for _, mapping := range defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap {
letters := mapping.letters
for _, letter := range letters {
diacriticsMap[letter] = mapping.base
}
}
}
func removeDiacritics(str string) string {
reg := regexp.MustCompile("[^\u0000-\u007E]")
return reg.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, func(a string) string {
r, _ := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(a)
if replacement, ok := diacriticsMap[rune(r)]; ok {
return replacement
}
return a
})
}
func main() {
paragraph := "Têstôöłæ" // -> Testoolae
fmt.Println(paragraph, removeDiacritics(paragraph))
}