python嵌套类

问题描述 投票:17回答:3

首先,这是我的测试代码,我使用的是python 3.2.x:

class account:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    class bank:
        def __init__(self):
            self.balance = 100000

        def balance(self):
            self.balance

        def whitdraw(self, amount):
            self.balance -= amount

        def deposit(self, amount):
            self.balance += amount

当我做:

a = account()
a.bank.balance

我希望得到平衡值的回报,而不是我得到的功能“平衡”,为什么会这样?我这样做时会返回余额值:

class bank:
    def __init__(self):
        self.balance = 100000

    def balance(self):
        self.balance

    def whitdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= amount

    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount

a = bank()
a.balance

所以我想知道为什么会这样,如果有人想出办法让我在嵌套版本中获得平衡价值,那就太棒了。

python python-3.x
3个回答
30
投票

我的代码版本,带有注释:

#
# 1. CamelCasing for classes
#
class Account:
    def __init__(self):
        # 2. to refer to the inner class, you must use self.Bank
        # 3. no need to use an inner class here
        self.bank = self.Bank()

    class Bank:
        def __init__(self):
            self.balance = 100000

        # 4. in your original code, you had a method with the same name as 
        #    the attribute you set in the constructor. That meant that the 
        #    method was replaced with a value every time the constructor was 
        #    called. No need for a method to do a simple attribute lookup. This
        #    is Python, not Java.

        def withdraw(self, amount):
            self.balance -= amount

        def deposit(self, amount):
            self.balance += amount

a = Account()
print(a.bank.balance)

9
投票

有几个问题:

  1. 您正在为数据成员和函数使用名称balance
  2. 你错过了returnbalance()声明。
  3. balance()bank的一个实例上运作。在a.bank.balance中没有实例:在这里,a.bank指的是内部类本身。

1
投票

a.bank是类(不是实例),因为你从来没有在a上创建一个银行实例。因此,如果a.bank是一个类,a.bank.balance是一个绑定到该类的方法。

但这有效:

class account:
    def __init__(self):
        self.bank = account.bank()

    class bank:
        def __init__(self):
            self.balance = 100000

        def whitdraw(self, amount):
            self.balance -= amount

        def deposit(self, amount):
            self.balance += amount

a = account()
print a.bank.balance

当然,当您显示没有嵌套类的工作代码时,它确实引出了为什么要为此使用嵌套类的问题。我认为非嵌套版本更清晰。

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