如何将matplotlib的数字均匀地铺在屏幕上？

Question

matplotlib是否提供了在屏幕上均匀分布多个数字的功能？或者有谁知道有什么工具箱能够实现这个功能？我已经厌倦了用手来做这件事。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
for i in range(5):
    plt.figure()
plt.show()

这样就会产生5个数字，它们互相叠加在一起。为了检查图1上的内容，我必须把其他4个数字移到一边。

在MacOS上，我可以使用 Ctrl+↓ 快捷键，只为一睹所有数字的风采。另外，我也可以把图写到文件中，然后在图库中查看图像。但我想知道是否有一个matplotlib的自定义窗口管理器，可能提供一些更多的灵活性。

在Matlab中，我习惯于使用一些工具，如 蔓延图 或 autoArrangeFigures.

Answer 1

你可以像这样用图管理器控制绘图窗口的位置。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

start_x, start_y, dx, dy = (0, 0, 640, 550)
for i in range(5):
    if i%3 == 0:
        x = start_x
        y = start_y  + (dy * (i//3) )
    plt.figure()
    mngr = plt.get_current_fig_manager()
    mngr.window.setGeometry(x, y, dx, dy)
    x += dx
plt.show()

这样一来，就会有五张图并排显示，像这样。

希望这就是你要找的东西!

Answer 2

看来matplotlib并没有提供这样一个开箱即用的功能。此外，没有 "后台诊断 "的方式来控制图形的几何形状，正如在下面讨论的那样 此处.

因此，我写道 tile_figures() 来实现这个迷你功能，通过一些平铺逻辑和一个简单的后端抽象来扩展Anwarvic的建议。目前它只支持Qt-或Tk-backends，但当然也可以扩展到其他后端。

祝您使用愉快

---

使用方法

tile_figures(cols=3, rows=2, screen_rect=None, tile_offsets=None)

# You may have to adjust the available screen area and a tile offset 
# for nice results. This works well for my MacOS.
tile_figure(screen_rect=(0,22,1440,740), tile_offsets=(0,22))

# Run a test with 10 figures. Note that you cannot switch the backend dynamically.
# It's best to set mpl.use(<backend>) at the very beginning of your script.
# https://matplotlib.org/faq/usage_faq.html#what-is-a-backend
test(n_figs=10, backend="Qt5Agg", screen_rect=(0,22,1440,750), tile_offsets=(0,22))

结果

---

执行情况

import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def screen_geometry(monitor=0):
    try:
        from screeninfo import get_monitors
        sizes = [(s.x, s.y, s.width, s.height) for s in get_monitors()]
        return sizes[monitor]
    except ModuleNotFoundError:
        default = (0, 0, 900, 600)
        print("screen_geometry: module screeninfo is no available.")
        print("Returning default: %s" % default)
        return default

def set_figure_geometry(fig, backend, x, y, w, h):
    if backend in ("Qt5Agg", "Qt4Agg"):
        fig.canvas.manager.window.setGeometry(x, y, w, h)
        #fig.canvas.manager.window.statusBar().setVisible(False)
        #fig.canvas.toolbar.setVisible(True)
    elif backend in ("TkAgg",):
        fig.canvas.manager.window.wm_geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (w,h,x,y))
    else:
        print("This backend is not supported yet.")
        print("Set the backend with matplotlib.use(<name>).")
        return

def tile_figures(cols=3, rows=2, screen_rect=None, tile_offsets=None):
    """
    Tile figures. If more than cols*rows figures are present, cols and
    rows are adjusted. For now, a Qt- or Tk-backend is required.

        import matplotlib
        matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
        matplotlib.use('TkAgg')

    Arguments: 
        cols, rows:     Number of cols, rows shown. Will be adjusted if the 
                        number of figures is larger than cols*rows.
        screen_rect:    A 4-tuple specifying the geometry (x,y,w,h) of the 
                        screen area used for tiling (in pixels). If None, the 
                        system's screen is queried using the screeninfo module.
        tile_offsets:   A 2-tuple specifying the offsets in x- and y- direction.
                        Can be used to compensate the title bar height.
    """    
    assert(isinstance(cols, int) and cols>0)
    assert(isinstance(rows, int) and rows>0)
    assert(screen_rect is None or len(screen_rect)==4)
    backend = mpl.get_backend()
    if screen_rect is None:
        screen_rect = screen_size()
    if tile_offsets is None:
        tile_offsets = (0,0)
    sx, sy, sw, sh = screen_rect
    sx += tile_offsets[0]
    sy += tile_offsets[1]
    fig_ids = plt.get_fignums()
    # Adjust tiles if necessary.
    tile_aspect = cols/rows
    while len(fig_ids) > cols*rows:
        cols += 1
        rows = max(np.round(cols/tile_aspect), rows)
    # Apply geometry per figure.
    w = int(sw/cols)
    h = int(sh/rows)
    for i, num in enumerate(fig_ids):
        fig = plt.figure(num)
        x = (i%cols) *(w+tile_offsets[0])+sx
        y = (i//cols)*(h+tile_offsets[1])+sy
        set_figure_geometry(fig, backend, x, y, w, h)

def test(n_figs=10, backend="Qt5Agg", **kwargs):
    mpl.use(backend)
    plt.close("all")
    for i in range(n_figs):
        plt.figure()
    tile_figures(**kwargs)
    plt.show()

y方向的瓷砖偏移量最好选择为标题栏的高度。在我的MacOS上，它是22。这个值可以通过编程查询，例如使用Qt.NET来查询。

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets as qtw
enum = qtw.QStyle.PM_TitleBarHeight
style = qtw.QApplication.style()
tile_offset_y = style.pixelMetric(enum)