optree 实际上已经安装了，但是当运行“from keras.models import Sequential”时，它仍然抛出 ImportError 要求我安装 optree，为什么？

Question

我正在尝试使用 VS Code 启动一个小型数据科学项目，目前我在通过运行以下行导入

keras

时遇到问题：

LSTM 和 GRU 项目

依赖关系

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import LSTM, Dropout, Dense

回溯如下：

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last) ~\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_21244\449270897.py in <cell line: 6>()
      4 import matplotlib as mpl
      5 from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
----> 6 from keras.models import Sequential
      7 from keras.layers import LSTM, Dropout, Dense

c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\keras\__init__.py in <module>
      8 
      9 # Import everything from /api/ into keras.
---> 10 from keras.api import *  # noqa: F403
     11 from keras.api import __version__  # Import * ignores names start with "_".
     12 

c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\keras\api\__init__.py in <module>
      6 
      7 
----> 8 from keras.api import activations
      9 from keras.api import applications
     10 from keras.api import backend

c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\keras\api\activations\__init__.py in <module>
      5 """
      6  ...
---> 10     raise ImportError(
     11         "To use Keras, you need to have `optree` installed. "
     12         "Install it via `pip install optree`"

ImportError: To use Keras, you need to have `optree` installed. Install it via `pip install optree` Output is truncated. View as a scrollable element or open in a text editor. Adjust cell output settings...

我决定在

pip install keras --upgrade --user

之类的终端命令中运行来检查上面的任何依赖项是否确实未安装，输出非常令人失望，因为它表明该项目中使用的每个依赖项都已满足其要求，请参阅：

C:\Users\ResetStoreX\Downloads\Cryptobote 2024> pip install numpy --upgrade --user
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (1.26.4)
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.
C:\Users\ResetStoreX\Downloads\Cryptobote 2024> pip install optree --upgrade --user
Requirement already satisfied: optree in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.0.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from optree) (4.2.0)
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.
C:\Users\ResetStoreX\Downloads\Cryptobote 2024> pip install keras --upgrade --user 
Requirement already satisfied: keras in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (3.3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: optree in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: h5py in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (3.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: ml-dtypes in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (0.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: absl-py in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: rich in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from keras) (13.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.0.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from optree->keras) (4.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pygments<3.0.0,>=2.14.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from rich->keras) (2.14.0)
Requirement already satisfied: mdurl~=0.1 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from markdown-it-py<3.0.0,>=2.1.0->rich->keras) (0.1.2)
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.
C:\Users\ResetStoreX\Downloads\Cryptobote 2024> pip install pandas --upgrade --user 
Requirement already satisfied: pandas in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (2.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from pandas) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.7 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from pandas) (2024.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from pandas) (2021.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.22.4 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from pandas) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas) (1.16.0)
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.
C:\Users\ResetStoreX\Downloads\Cryptobote 2024> pip install matplotlib --upgrade --user 
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (3.8.4)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from matplotlib) (24.0)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-resources>=3.2.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (6.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.21 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (4.33.3)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.3.1 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=8 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (8.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from matplotlib) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: contourpy>=1.0.1 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (1.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.3.1 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (3.0.9)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=3.1.0 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (from importlib-resources>=3.2.0->matplotlib) (3.6.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\resetstorex\appdata\roaming\python\python39\site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib) (1.16.0)
WARNING: There was an error checking the latest version of pip.

我的Python解释器是

Python 3.9.6 64-bit

，我确信上面的所有依赖项都安装在其相应的路径中，我尝试卸载并重新安装

keras

和

optree

，包括运行

pip cache purge

以及重新启动内核，但它仍然抛出同样的错误。

我还注意到

keras.models

和

keras.layers

带下划线，当我“将鼠标悬停在它们上”时，它会显示：

Import "keras.models" could not be resolved Pylance(reportMissingImports)

所以，我被困住了，我想知道该怎么处理这个问题？

Answer 1

¡解决了！

它与

typing_extensions

依赖关系有关，哪个版本太旧了，我是这样意识到的，我在 Jupyter Notebook 单元中运行了以下脚本：

import optree
import keras
print(optree.__version__)
print(keras.__version__)

哪个扔了：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_27656\3452976656.py in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 import optree
      2 import keras
      3 print(optree.__version__)
      4 print(keras.__version__)

c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\optree\__init__.py in <module>
     15 """OpTree: Optimized PyTree Utilities."""
     16 
---> 17 from optree import integration, typing
     18 from optree.ops import (
     19     MAX_RECURSION_DEPTH,

c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\optree\typing.py in <module>
     36     Union,
     37 )
---> 38 from typing_extensions import NamedTuple  # Generic NamedTuple: Python 3.11+
     39 from typing_extensions import OrderedDict  # Generic OrderedDict: Python 3.7.2+
     40 from typing_extensions import Self  # Python 3.11+

ImportError: cannot import name 'NamedTuple' from 'typing_extensions' (c:\Users\ResetStoreX\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\typing_extensions.py)

在 stackoverflow 上搜索，我发现了类似问题的 this 答案，所以我按照建议在 VS Code 终端上运行了这样的命令 (

pip install typing_extensions==4.7.1 --upgrade

)，然后运行

pip install tensorflow

，然后运行

pip install numpy==1.23.5

，到最后重新启动 Python 内核，以便能够导入此类依赖项，并且出现 0 个问题和警告 👍.