Django 完整性错误：NOT NULL 约束失败。怎么解决？

Question

我是 django 的新手。我对关系序列化很弱。请帮我解决以下问题。

问题：我想创建模型、序列化器和所有必要的代码。基本上我想解决API课程的课程血清项目评估。当我运行代码并测试时，我看到出现错误： django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL 约束失败: LittleLemonAPI_menuitem.category_id

当我在 MenuItemSerializer 中定义深度 =1 并创建新的菜单项时，就会发生这种情况。如果我删除深度 = 1 和类别 = CategorySerializer;没有发生错误。但类别表数据并未填充。

下面我添加必要的代码：

序列化器.py

from rest_framework import serializers, validators
from .models import Category, MenuItem, Cart, Order, OrderItem
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group, Permission


class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Category
        fields = ['id', 'slug', 'title']

        validators = [
            validators.UniqueTogetherValidator(
                queryset=Category.objects.all(),
                fields=('title',),
                message="Category must be unique"
            )
        ]


class MenuItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MenuItem
        category = CategorySerializer()
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'price',
                  'featured', 'inventory', 'category',]
        depth = 1


class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'email', 'groups',]
        depth = 1


class CartSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Cart
        user = UserSerializer()
        menuitem = MenuItemSerializer()
        fields = ['id', 'user', 'menuitem', 'quantity', 'unit_price', 'price']
        depth = 1
        validators = [
            validators.UniqueTogetherValidator(
                queryset=MenuItem.objects.all(),
                fields=('id',),
                message="Menuitem should be unique in this curt"
            ),
            validators.UniqueTogetherValidator(
                queryset=User.objects.all(), fields=('id'), message="User should be unique")
        ]


class OrderSerilizer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Order
        fields = ['id', 'user', 'delivery_crew', 'status', 'total', 'date']
        depth = 1


class OrderItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = OrderItem
        fields = ['id', 'order', 'menuitem', 'quantity', 'unit_price', 'price']
        depth = 1
        validators = [
            validators.UniqueTogetherValidator(
                queryset=Order.objects.all(),
                fields=('id',)
            ),
            validators.UniqueTogetherValidator(
                queryset=MenuItem.objects.all(),
                fields=('id',)
            )
        ]

模型.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.


class Category(models.Model):
    slug = models.SlugField()
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, db_index=True)


class MenuItem(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255, db_index=True)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, db_index=True)
    featured = models.BooleanField(db_index=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
    inventory = models.IntegerField()


class Cart(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    menuitem = models.ForeignKey(MenuItem, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    quantity = models.SmallIntegerField(),
    unit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ('menuitem', 'user')


class Order(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, models.CASCADE)
    delivery_crew = models.ForeignKey(
        User, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='delivery_crew', null=True)
    status = models.BooleanField(db_index=True, default=0)
    total = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
    date = models.DateField(db_index=True)


class OrderItem(models.Model):
    order = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    menuitem = models.ForeignKey(MenuItem, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    quantity = models.SmallIntegerField()
    unit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ('order', 'menuitem')

Error: django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: LittleLemonAPI_menuitem.category_id

我正在尝试添加菜单项，但是当我指定深度 = 1 时，会发生 avobe 错误。

Answer 1

错误：django.db.utils.IntegrityError：NOT NULL 约束失败：LittleLemonAPI_menuitem.category_id

此错误告诉您在创建菜单项时必须提供类别 ID。

另一个错误是在写入序列化器中使用深度。删除它和元中的类别，你应该没问题。

使用此序列化器：

class MenuItemSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = MenuItem
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'price',
                  'featured', 'inventory', 'category',]

然后你只需传递一个包含所有这些字段的字典：标题、价格、特色、库存和有效的类别 ID。