如何解决 Netbeans 22 中 Nashorn 删除和 JS 替换问题？

Question

尽管完全按照指定的步骤在 Netbeans 22 中安装 Nashorn 的替代方案，但在尝试构建 FXML 项目时，我仍然收到以下错误：

Java 15 has removed Nashorn, you must provide an engine for running JavaScript yourself.

GraalVM JavaScript 是我正在尝试集成的 js。在 Oracle graalvm 页面之后，我下载并提取了以下内容：

https://download.oracle.com/graalvm/22/latest/graalvm-jdk-22_windows-x64_bin.zip

将下载解压到目录

C:Program Files/Java/graalvm-jdk-22.0.1+8.1

并将文件夹重命名为

graalvm-22

在管理 cmd shell 中，使用以下命令设置 JAVA_HOME 环境变量：

setx /M JAVA_HOME "C:\Progra~1\Java\graalvm-22"

并设置路径：

setx /M PATH "C:\Progra~1\Java\<graalvm>\bin;%PATH%"

用 echo 检查这些变量，结果显示：

echo %JAVA_HOME%
C:\Progra~1\Java\graalvm-22

echo %PATH%
C:\Progra~1\Java\graalvm-22\bin;
C:\Program Files\CommonFiles\Oracle\Java\javapath;
C:\WINDOWS\system32;
C:\WINDOWS;
C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;
C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;
C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;
C:\Program Files\HP\HP One Agent;C:\Users\qabpa\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;

我已经被这个问题困扰了几天，非常感谢您的帮助。谢谢。

Answer 1

删除或卸载全部

• 删除或卸载 JDK、JavaFX、Netbeans...
• 删除环境变量JAVA_HOME

安装 zulu JDK 包括 JavaFX

https://www.azul.com/downloads/?version=java-21-lts&os=windows&architecture=x86-64-bit&package=jdk-fx#zulu

下载 ->

.msi

zulu21.34.19-ca-fx-jdk21.0.3-win_x64.msi

点击

zulu21.34.19-ca-fx-jdk21.0.3-win_x64.msi

下拉

Set JAVA_HOME variable

，选择

Entire feature will be installed on local hard drive

点击

Next

请注意，您不需要自己设置

JAVA_HOME

或

PATH

环境变量。

因为安装程序已经自动配置好了。

检查JDK安装

打开CMD，输入命令

javac -version

javac 21.0.3

输入另一个命令：

java -version

openjdk version "21.0.3" 2024-04-16 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Zulu21.34+19-CA (build 21.0.3+9-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu21.34+19-CA (build 21.0.3+9-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

安装 Netbeans 22

注意，请使用exe安装而不是zip安装。

点击

Apache-NetBeans-22-bin-windows-x64.exe

NetBeans 将检测到 Zulu-21

点击

Next

点击

Install

配置JavaFX

菜单

Tools

->

Options

点击

Next

选择

accept the terms in all of the license agreements.

点击

Install

点击

Finish

点击

OK

创建 JavaFX 示例

File

->

New Project...

• 类别 ->

  Java with Maven

• 项目 ->

  FXML JavaFX Maven Archetype

点击

Next

• 项目名称：

  hello1fx

• 群组 ID：

  com.exmaple

点击

Finish

单击图标（运行）

然后出现javafx窗口。

创建脚本引擎

项目目录树

hello1fx
├── nbactions.xml
├── pom.xml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   ├── com
    │   │   │   └── example
    │   │   │       └── hello1fx
    │   │   │           ├── App.java
    │   │   │           └── PrimaryController.java
    │   │   └── module-info.java
    │   └── resources
    │       └── com
    │           └── example
    │               └── hello1fx
    │                   └── primary.fxml
    └── test
        └── java

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello1fx</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
            <version>21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
            <version>21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjdk.nashorn</groupId>
            <artifactId>nashorn-core</artifactId>
            <version>15.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <release>11</release>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.4</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.example.hello1fx.App</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <!-- Default configuration for running -->
                        <!-- Usage: mvn clean javafx:run -->
                        <id>default-cli</id>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <!-- Configuration for manual attach debugging -->
                        <!-- Usage: mvn clean javafx:run@debug -->
                        <id>debug</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <options>
                                <option>-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=localhost:8000</option>
                            </options>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <!-- Configuration for automatic IDE debugging -->
                        <id>ide-debug</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <options>
                                <option>-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=n,address=${jpda.address}</option>
                            </options>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <!-- Configuration for automatic IDE profiling -->
                        <id>ide-profile</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <options>
                <option>${profiler.jvmargs.arg1}</option>
                <option>${profiler.jvmargs.arg2}</option>
                <option>${profiler.jvmargs.arg3}</option>
                <option>${profiler.jvmargs.arg4}</option>
                <option>${profiler.jvmargs.arg5}</option>
                            </options>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

• 为脚本引擎添加nashorn-core
• 将 javafx-xxx 版本从

  13

  更改为

  21

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
            <version>21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
            <version>21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjdk.nashorn</groupId>
            <artifactId>nashorn-core</artifactId>
            <version>15.4</version>
        </dependency>

primary.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextArea?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>

<VBox alignment="CENTER" spacing="20.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.171" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="com.example.hello1fx.PrimaryController">
   <children>
      <TextArea fx:id="inputArea" text="" promptText="Enter your script here..." />
      <Button fx:id="runButton" text="run" onAction="#execRun"/>
      <Button fx:id="cleanButton" text="clean" onAction="#execClean"/>
      <TextArea fx:id="outputArea" text="" editable="false" />
   </children>
</VBox>

模块信息.java

• 添加

  requires java.scripting;

• 添加

  requires jdk.dynalink;

module com.example.hello1fx {
    requires javafx.controls;
    requires javafx.fxml;
    
    requires java.scripting;
    requires jdk.dynalink;
    
    opens com.example.hello1fx to javafx.fxml;
    exports com.example.hello1fx;
}

应用程序.java

package com.example.hello1fx;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * JavaFX App
 */
public class App extends Application {

    private static Scene scene;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws IOException {
        scene = new Scene(loadFXML("primary"), 640, 480);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.setTitle("Nashorn JavaScript Engine");
        stage.show();
    }

    static void setRoot(String fxml) throws IOException {
        scene.setRoot(loadFXML(fxml));
    }

    private static Parent loadFXML(String fxml) throws IOException {
        FXMLLoader fxmlLoader = new FXMLLoader(App.class.getResource(fxml + ".fxml"));
        return fxmlLoader.load();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch();
    }

}

PrimaryController.java

package com.example.hello1fx;

import java.io.IOException;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;

import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
import javax.script.ScriptException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;

public class PrimaryController {
    ScriptEngineManager manager ;
    ScriptEngine engine;
    @FXML
    private TextArea inputArea;
    
    @FXML
    private TextArea outputArea;
    
    @FXML
    private void execRun() throws IOException {
            manager = new ScriptEngineManager();
            engine = manager.getEngineByName("nashorn");
            StringWriter writer  = new StringWriter();
            engine.getContext().setWriter(writer);

            try {
                String inputText = inputArea.getText();
                System.out.println(">>> inputText = "+inputText);
                engine.eval(inputText );
                System.out.println(">>> OK");
                outputArea.setText( "Processed: \n"+writer.toString());
                System.out.println(">>> set output OK");
            } catch (ScriptException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
            }       
    }
    
    @FXML
    private void execClean() throws IOException {
        inputArea.clear();
        outputArea.clear();
    }
}

最终结果

单击图标再次运行

在(1)输入区域放置一些java脚本代码。

print('Hello World!')
print(100 + 200)

单击按钮

run

(3)

然后将结果显示在(2)中

您可以点击按钮

clean

（4）来清洁（1）和（2）