如何定义 GitLab CI 作业以依赖于一个或另一个先前作业？

问题描述 投票：0回答：3

我想定义一个管道来编译、部署到目标并测试我的项目。

这应该以两种不同的方式发生：每次提交时增量（希望快速）构建和安排在晚上的完整构建。

以下

.gitlab-ci.yml
所有标记为“手动”的作业用于测试目的。

stages:
    - build
    - deploy
    - test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    when: manual

build-nightly:
    timeout: 5h
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    tags:
        - yocto
    when: manual

deploy:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    dependencies:
        - build
    when: manual

test:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    dependencies:
        - deploy
    when: manual

此操作失败并显示消息：

deploy job: undefined dependency: build
。

我该向 GitLab 解释一下吗

deploy
阶段需要
build-incremental
或
build-nightly
工件吗？

稍后我将不得不了解如何在提交时触发 

build-incremental
和使用时间表触发 
build-nightly
，但这似乎是一个不同的问题。

gitlab-ci
3个回答
7
投票

对于您的场景，根据“源”，管道中有两条单独的路径：“推送”或“计划”。您可以使用 

CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE
变量获取管道的源。我首先单独构建这些路径，然后将它们组合起来：

# First source: push events
stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-incremental:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-incremental']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-incremental:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-incremental']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

在此路径中，如果源是推送，则构建步骤将在手动输入时运行，否则它将永远不会运行。然后，只要源是推送，部署增量步骤就会自动运行（无需等待其他作业或阶段），否则永远不会运行。最后，如果它是像上面这样的 

test-incremental
，则 
push
作业将自动运行，无需等待其他作业或阶段。

现在我们可以构建

schedule
路径：

# Scheduled path:

stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-schedule:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE === 'schedule'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-schedule:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-schedule']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-schedule:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-schedule']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

这与 

push
路径的工作方式相同，但我们检查源是否为 
schedule
。

现在我们可以合并这两条路径：

Combined result:
stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: manual
      - when: never

build-schedule:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-incremental:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-incremental']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

deploy-schedule:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-schedule']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-incremental:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-incremental']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-schedule:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-schedule']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

像这样的管道很乏味并且需要一些时间来构建，但是当您有多个路径/方式来构建项目时效果很好。

6
投票

要告诉 Gitlab 您的 

deploy
阶段需要特定作业中的某些工件：尝试按作业名称命名 
dependencies
。在 
deploy
中，您正在使用 
build
定义依赖项，这是一个 
stage
名称，而不是您想要选择工件的作业之一。 示例：

deploy:
stage: deploy
script:
    - echo "Deploying..."
    - ./ci/do-deploy
    - echo "done."
tags:
    - yocto
dependencies:
    - build-incremental
when: manual

更多信息和示例在这里依赖项

0
投票

实现此目的的最佳方法是使用 

needs
有关需求的更多信息

以下示例：

stages:
  - 📼 start-main-job
  - 📎 start-main-job-2


DEV before-main-job:
  stage: 📼 start-main-job
  needs: []
  when: manual

DEV start-main-job:
  stage: 📼 start-main-job
  needs: ["DEV before-main-job"]
  when: on_success

DEV before-main-job-2:
  stage: 📎 start-main-job-2
  needs: []
  when: manual

DEV start-main-job-2:
  stage: 📎 start-main-job-2
  needs: ["DEV before-main-job-2"]
  when: on_success

示例管道

enter image description here

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