我正在尝试以顺序方式解析XML文件,仅考虑感兴趣的XML标签。下面显示了一个示例XML文件(存储为file.xml)。我只对某些已知路径的XML标签感兴趣,如下面的Python代码片段所示(例如header / para / paratext,body / section / intro / text)。不同的XML文件可能具有不同的标记顺序,因此我不想规定已知的XML标记将以哪个顺序出现。关于如何有效地做到这一点的任何建议,而不必遍历整个XML文件?
XML文件
<data>
<header>
<para>
<paratext>0 - extract this</paratext>
</para>
</header>
<body>
<section>
<intro>
<text>1 - extract this</text>
</intro>
<para>
<paratext>2 - extract this</paratext>
</para>
<items>
<paratext>do not extract this</paratext>
<part>
<para>
<paratext>3 - extract this</paratext>
</para>
</part>
</items>
</section>
<section>
<text>do not extract this</text>
<intro>
<text>4 - extract this</text>
</intro>
<para>
<paratext>5 - extract this</paratext>
</para>
<para>
<paratext>6 - extract this</paratext>
</para>
</section>
</body>
</data>
所需的输出:['0 - extract this', '1 - extract this', '2 - extract this', '3 - extract this', '4 - extract this', '5 - extract this', '6 - extract this']
样本Python脚本:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('file.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
### Paths I would like to extract (but sequentially)
[i.text for i in root.findall('header/para/paratext')]
# ['0 - extract this']
[i.text for i in root.findall('body/section/intro/text')]
# ['1 - extract this', '4 - extract this']
[i.text for i in root.findall('body/section/para/paratext')]
# ['2 - extract this', '5 - extract this', '6 - extract this']
[i.text for i in root.findall('body/section/items/part/para/paratext')]
# ['3 - extract this']
我认为最好的方法是使用union operator ("|
") in XPath。这将按文档顺序选择所需的元素。
不幸的是,ElementTree具有|
。
如果可以使用lxml,则它具有limited XPath support。
示例...
Python
much better XPath support
打印输出
from lxml import etree
tree = etree.parse("file.xml")
print([i.text for i in tree.xpath('header/para/paratext|'
'body/section/intro/text|'
'body/section/para/paratext|'
'body/section/items/part/para/paratext')])