如何使用问号运算符来处理Tokio期货中的错误？

Question

我有一个客户端处理Future做一些事情。是否可以使用impl Future<Item = (), Error = io::Error>作为返回类型并进行更好的错误处理？

pub fn handle_client(client: Client) -> impl Future<Item = (), Error = io::Error> {
    let magic = client.header.magic;
    let stream_client = TcpStream::connect(&client.addr).and_then(|stream| {
        let addr: Vec<u8> = serialize_addr(stream.local_addr()?, magic)?;
        write_all(stream, addr).then(|result| {
            // some code
            Ok(())
        })
    });
    stream_client
}

我无法通过所有嵌套闭包/期货保持io::Error类型。编译器抛出错误

error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `std::ops::Try`)
   --> src/client.rs:134:29
    |
134 |         let addr: Vec<u8> = serialize_addr(stream.local_addr()?, magic)?;
    |                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot use the `?` operator in a function that returns `futures::future::then::Then<tokio_io::io::write_all::WriteAll<tokio_tcp::stream::TcpStream, std::vec::Vec<u8>>, std::result::Result<(), std::io::Error>, [closure@src/client.rs:135:38: 138:10]>`
    |
    = help: the trait `std::ops::Try` is not implemented for `futures::future::then::Then<tokio_io::io::write_all::WriteAll<tokio_tcp::stream::TcpStream, std::vec::Vec<u8>>, std::result::Result<(), std::io::Error>, [closure@src/client.rs:135:38: 138:10]>`
    = note: required by `std::ops::Try::from_error`

我做了链接地图/并且然后错误处理，但问题是我不知道如何在最终的TcpStream关闭内获得.then。我发现TcpStream唯一的地方是WriteAll结构，但它是私有的。此外，write_all消耗流

use futures::Future;
use std::{io, net::SocketAddr};
use tokio::{
    io::{write_all, AsyncRead, AsyncWrite},
    net::TcpStream,
};

type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error>;

fn serialize_addr(addr: SocketAddr) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    Ok(vec![])
}

fn handle_client(addr: &SocketAddr) -> impl Future<Item = (), Error = Error> {
    TcpStream::connect(addr)
        .map_err(Into::into)
        .and_then(|stream| stream.local_addr().map(|stream_addr| (stream, stream_addr)))
        .map_err(Into::into)
        .and_then(|(stream, stream_addr)| serialize_addr(stream_addr).map(|info| (stream, info)))
        .map(|(stream, info)| write_all(stream, info))
        .then(|result| {
            let result = result.unwrap();
            let stream = match result.state {
                Writing { a } => a,
                _ => panic!("cannot get stream"),
            };
            // some code
            Ok(())
        })
}

fn main() {
    let addr = "127.0.0.1:8900".parse().unwrap();
    handle_client(&addr);
}

Answer 1

TL; DR：你不使用?算子。

---

由于你没有提供一个，这里是你问题的MCVE。请注意，我们不知道你的serialize_addr函数的错误类型是什么，所以我不得不选择一些东西：

use futures::Future;
use std::{io, net::SocketAddr};
use tokio::{io::write_all, net::TcpStream};

fn serialize_addr() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    Ok(vec![])
}

pub fn handle_client(addr: &SocketAddr) -> impl Future<Item = (), Error = io::Error> {
    TcpStream::connect(addr).and_then(|stream| {
        let addr = serialize_addr()?;
        write_all(stream, addr).then(|_result| Ok(()))
    })
}

error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Result` or `Option` (or another type that implements `std::ops::Try`)
  --> src/lib.rs:11:20
   |
11 |         let addr = serialize_addr()?;
   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot use the `?` operator in a function that returns `futures::future::then::Then<tokio_io::io::write_all::WriteAll<tokio_tcp::stream::TcpStream, std::vec::Vec<u8>>, std::result::Result<(), std::io::Error>, [closure@src/lib.rs:12:38: 14:10]>`
   |
   = help: the trait `std::ops::Try` is not implemented for `futures::future::then::Then<tokio_io::io::write_all::WriteAll<tokio_tcp::stream::TcpStream, std::vec::Vec<u8>>, std::result::Result<(), std::io::Error>, [closure@src/lib.rs:12:38: 14:10]>`
   = note: required by `std::ops::Try::from_error`

如错误消息所示：

?运算符只能在返回Result或Option（或其他实现std::ops::Try的类型）的函数中使用

和

不能在返回?的函数中使用Then<WriteAll<TcpStream, Vec<u8>>, Result<(), io::Error>, [closure]>运算符

相反，利用Result可以被视为未来并让它参与功能链的事实。

此外，就像Rust中的其他地方一样，您需要具有统一的错误类型。为简单起见，我选择了Box<dyn Error>。这可以使用map_err和Into::into来实现

use futures::Future;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use tokio::{io::write_all, net::TcpStream};

type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error>;

fn serialize_addr() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
    Ok(vec![])
}

pub fn handle_client(addr: &SocketAddr) -> impl Future<Item = (), Error = Error> {
    TcpStream::connect(addr)
        .map_err(Into::into)
        .and_then(|stream| serialize_addr().map(|addr| (stream, addr)))
        .and_then(|(stream, addr)| write_all(stream, addr).map_err(Into::into))
        .then(|_result| Ok(()))
}

在未来，async / await语法将使这更容易遵循。

Answer 2

两个流的解决方案：

fn handle_client(addr: &SocketAddr) -> impl Future<Item = (), Error = Error> {
    TcpStream::connect(addr)
        .map_err(Into::into)
        .and_then(|remote_stream| {
            remote_stream
                .local_addr()
                .map(|remote_addr| (remote_stream, remote_addr))
        })
        .map_err(Into::into)
        .and_then(|(remote_stream, remote_addr)| {
            TcpStream::connect(&"".parse().unwrap())
                .map(move |proxy_stream| (remote_stream, proxy_stream, remote_addr))
        })
        .and_then(|(remote_stream, proxy_stream, remote_addr)| {
            serialize_addr(remote_addr)
                .map(|info| (remote_stream, proxy_stream, info))
                .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::AddrNotAvailable))
        })
        .and_then(|(remote_stream, proxy_stream, info)| {
            write_all(proxy_stream, info).map(|proxy_stream| (remote_stream, proxy_stream.0))
        })
        .and_then(|(remote_stream, proxy_stream)| {
            // working with streams
        })
        .then(|_result| Ok(()))
}