自动查找python可执行文件的路径

Question

我正在做一个使用python作为后台脚本和C#作为GUI的项目。 我的问题是我不知道如何让我的 GUI 自动搜索

pythonw.exe

文件以运行我的 python 脚本。

目前我正在使用这条路径：

ProcessStartInfo pythonInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(@"C:\\Users\\Omri\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python35-32\\pythonw.exe");

但我希望它自动检测

pythonw.exe

的路径（我需要提交项目，它不会在其他计算机上运行，除非他们更改代码本身）

任何建议都可能有帮助。

Answer 1

受到@Shashi Bhushan回答的启发，我做了这个函数来可靠地获取Python路径；

private static string GetPythonPath(string requiredVersion = "", string maxVersion = "")
{
    string[] possiblePythonLocations = new string[3] {
        @"HKLM\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\",
        @"HKCU\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\",
        @"HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Python\PythonCore\"
    };

    //Version number, install path
    Dictionary<string, string> pythonLocations = new Dictionary<string, string>();

    foreach (string possibleLocation in possiblePythonLocations)
    {
        string regKey = possibleLocation.Substring(0, 4),
               actualPath = possibleLocation.Substring(5);
        RegistryKey theKey = regKey == "HKLM" ? Registry.LocalMachine : Registry.CurrentUser;
        RegistryKey theValue = theKey.OpenSubKey(actualPath);

        foreach (var v in theValue.GetSubKeyNames())
            if (theValue.OpenSubKey(v) is RegistryKey productKey)
                try
                {
                    string pythonExePath = productKey.OpenSubKey("InstallPath").GetValue("ExecutablePath").ToString();
                            
                    // Comment this in to get (Default) value instead
                    // string pythonExePath = productKey.OpenSubKey("InstallPath").GetValue("").ToString();
                            
                    if (pythonExePath != null && pythonExePath != "")
                    {
                        //Console.WriteLine("Got python version; " + v + " at path; " + pythonExePath);
                        pythonLocations.Add(v.ToString(), pythonExePath);
                    }
                }
                catch
                {
                    //Install path doesn't exist
                }
    }

    if (pythonLocations.Count > 0)
    {
        System.Version desiredVersion = new(requiredVersion == "" ? "0.0.1" : requiredVersion);
        System.Version maxPVersion = new(maxVersion == "" ? "999.999.999" : maxVersion);

        string highestVersion = "", highestVersionPath = "";

        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pVersion in pythonLocations)
        {
            //TODO; if on 64-bit machine, prefer the 64 bit version over 32 and vice versa
            int index = pVersion.Key.IndexOf("-"); //For x-32 and x-64 in version numbers
            string formattedVersion = index > 0 ? pVersion.Key.Substring(0, index) : pVersion.Key;

            System.Version thisVersion = new System.Version(formattedVersion);
            int comparison = desiredVersion.CompareTo(thisVersion),
                maxComparison = maxPVersion.CompareTo(thisVersion);

            if (comparison <= 0)
            {
                //Version is greater or equal
                if (maxComparison >= 0)
                {
                    desiredVersion = thisVersion;

                    highestVersion = pVersion.Key;
                    highestVersionPath = pVersion.Value;
                }
                //else
                //    Console.WriteLine("Version is too high; " + maxComparison.ToString());
            }
            //else
            //    Console.WriteLine("Version (" + pVersion.Key + ") is not within the spectrum.");$
        }

        //Console.WriteLine(highestVersion);
        //Console.WriteLine(highestVersionPath);
        return highestVersionPath;
    }

    return "";
}

Answer 2

您可以通过在Windows机器上查找以下键来找到Python的安装路径。

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\versionnumber\InstallPath

HKCU\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\versionnumber\InstallPath

适用于win64位机器

HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Python\PythonCore\versionnumber\InstallPath

您可以参考这篇文章了解如何使用C#读取注册表

如何读取注册表项的值c#

Answer 3

在 Windows 中查找该程序集的环境变量名称并使用

Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable(variableName)

查看如何添加到Windows 7中的pythonpath？

Answer 4

如何在 PATH 环境变量中搜索 Python 的示例：

var entries = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("path").Split(';');
string python_location = null;

foreach (string entry in entries)
{
    if (entry.ToLower().Contains("python"))
    {
        var breadcrumbs = entry.Split('\\');
        foreach (string breadcrumb in breadcrumbs)
        {
            if (breadcrumb.ToLower().Contains("python"))
            {
                python_location += breadcrumb + '\\';
                break;
            }
            python_location += breadcrumb + '\\';
        }
        break;
    }
}

Answer 5

如果您已经设置了 python env 路径，只需将文件名更改为“python.exe”

private void runPython(string cmd, string args)
    {
        ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();
        start.FileName = "python.exe";
        start.Arguments = string.Format("{0} {1}", cmd, args);
        start.UseShellExecute = false;
        start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
        using (Process process = Process.Start(start))
        {
            using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)
            {
                string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                Console.Write(result);
            }
        }
    }

Answer 6

在我的机器上，安装了Python 3.11，我可以通过定义这个属性来查询它：

public string PythonInstallPath 
{ 
   get => (string)Microsoft.Win32.Registry.GetValue(
          @"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\3.11\InstallPath",
          "ExecutablePath", null); 
}

Pythonw.exe 位于同一路径中，因此您可以执行以下操作：

public string PythonWInstallPath 
{ 
   get => System.IO.Path.Combine(System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(PythonInstallPath), 
                                 "pythonw.exe"); 
}

还有一种方法可以在环境中查找它，检查this作为替代方案。

Answer 7

使用此片段：

public string FindPythonPath()
{
    using (var hiveKey = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.CurrentUser, RegistryView.Default))
    using (var subkey = hiveKey?.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore"))
    {
        var subkeys = subkey?.GetSubKeyNames();
        if (subkeys.Length == 0) return string.Empty;

        var key = hiveKey.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\"+subkeys.Last());
        key = key.OpenSubKey("InstallPath");
        return Path.GetDirectoryName((string) key.GetValue("ExecutablePath", string.Empty));
    }
}