我有一个函数,给定一个指向 char 数组string(通过引用传递)、一个 char character(通过值传递)和一个无符号短整型length(通过引用传递)的指针,假设到,如果 string 已被分配,则重新分配 string 的大小长一个字符 ((length + 2) * sizeof(char)),然后将 length 加 1,将最后两个字符设置为相等分别为字符和空终止符。如果尚未分配 string,则会在初始化字符之前分配长度为两个字符 (2 * sizeof(char)) 的 string。但是,当它设置最后一个字符(length的索引)时,它会出现段错误。
void appendCharacterToString(char** string, char character, unsigned short int * length) {
if (*string != NULL) {
*string = (char* ) realloc(*string, (*length + 2) * sizeof(char));
++*length;
}
else {
*string = (char* ) malloc(2 * sizeof(char));
*length = 1;
}
*string[*length - 1] = character;
*string[*length] = 0;
}
在 gdb 中运行它时,我能够确定最初分配的数组,尽管被硬编码为分配两个字符的内存,但只分配了一个字符,奇怪的是,它已经初始化为 null。
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
appendCharacterToString (string=0x7fffffffe0d8,
character=110 'n', length=0x7fffffffe0d0)
at hangmanstringutils.c:24
24 *string[*length] = 0;
(gdb)
(gdb) print string
$1 = (char **) 0x7fffffffe0d8
(gdb) print *string
$2 = 0x5555555592a0 "n"
(gdb) print *length
$3 = 1
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Program terminated with signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
The program no longer exists.
(gdb) break hangmanstringutils.c:12
Breakpoint 1 at 0x555555555612: file hangmanstringutils.c, line 14.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/joseph/code/hangman/hangman
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/usr/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
Breakpoint 1, appendCharacterToString (
string=0x7fffffffe0d8, character=110 'n',
length=0x7fffffffe0d0) at hangmanstringutils.c:14
14 if (*string != NULL) {
(gdb) print *string
$4 = 0x0
(gdb) print *length
$5 = 0
(gdb) break 19
Breakpoint 2 at 0x55555555565a: file hangmanstringutils.c, line 19.
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Breakpoint 2, appendCharacterToString (
string=0x7fffffffe0d8, character=110 'n',
length=0x7fffffffe0d0) at hangmanstringutils.c:19
19 *string = (char* ) malloc(2 * sizeof(char));
(gdb) print *string
$6 = 0x0
(gdb) print *length
$7 = 0
(gdb) break 21
Breakpoint 3 at 0x555555555677: file hangmanstringutils.c, line 23.
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Breakpoint 3, appendCharacterToString (
string=0x7fffffffe0d8, character=110 'n',
length=0x7fffffffe0d0) at hangmanstringutils.c:23
23 *string[*length - 1] = character;
(gdb) print *string
$8 = 0x5555555592a0 ""
(gdb) print *length
$9 = 1
(gdb) print *string[0]
$10 = 0 '\000'
(gdb) print *string[1]
Cannot access memory at address 0x2c0
(gdb)
代码太多了!我真的不想尝试了解该代码出了什么问题。
void
函数需要对两个参数使用间接寻址。strlen()
是一个糟糕的选择。void *
和malloc()
返回realloc()
是不好的做法realloc()
,则 malloc()
的作用类似于 NULL
。sizeof(char)
可能有意义。length
的值。然后,就是这个:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char *appendCharacterToString( char *str, char ch ) {
int len = str == NULL ? 0 : strlen( str );
char *tmp = realloc( str, len + 2 );
if( !tmp ) {
perror( "allocation failed" );
exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
str = tmp;
str[ len++ ] = ch;
str[ len ] = 0;
return str;
}
int main( void ) {
char *str = NULL;
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'f' );
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'o' );
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'o' );
puts( str );
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'b' );
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'a' );
str = appendCharacterToString( str, 'r' );
puts( str );
free( str );
return 0;
}
结果:
foo
foobar