如何在Python中制作更多tkinter按钮

Question

我正在制作一个带有gui的PC帮助程序，用于学校项目。我添加了两个按钮，但我似乎无法添加两个以上...

这是代码：

#All imports go here
import tkinter as tk
import os

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello, what would you like help with today?"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.say_hi
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.notepad = tk.Button(self)
        self.notepad["text"] = "Launch Notepad"
        self.notepad["command"] = self.notepad
        self.notepad.pack(side="right")

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
        self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
        self.hi.pack(side="left") 

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                          command=root.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def cmd(self):
        os.system("start cmd /a")

    def notepad(self):
        os.system("start notepad")

root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()

sys.exit()

Answer 1

这里定义了两个创建的按钮：

def create_widgets(self):
    self.hi = tk.Button(self)
    self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
    self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
    self.hi.pack(side="left")

    self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                      command=root.destroy)
    self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

但为什么只创造这些呢？答案很简单，请看下面代码中的注释：

class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.create_widgets2()
        self.create_widgets3()

    def create_widgets(self):  # define
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello, what would you like help with today?"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.say_hi  # additional bug (AttributeError: 'Application' object has no attribute 'say_hi'), change this to "self.hi_there["command"] = self.hi_there"
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

    def create_widgets(self):  # re-define without usage
        self.notepad = tk.Button(self)
        self.notepad["text"] = "Launch Notepad"
        self.notepad["command"] = self.notepad
        self.notepad.pack(side="right")

    def create_widgets(self):  # again re-define without usage
        self.hi = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
        self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
        self.hi.pack(side="left")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=root.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def cmd(self):
        os.system("start cmd /a")

    def notepad(self):
        os.system("start notepad")

此代码与下面的代码具有相同的效果。

class Application(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
    super().__init__(master)
    self.pack()
    self.create_widgets()

def create_widgets(self):
    self.hi = tk.Button(self)
    self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
    self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
    self.hi.pack(side="left")

    self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red",
                      command=root.destroy)
    self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

def cmd(self):
    os.system("start cmd /a")

def notepad(self):
    os.system("start notepad")

定义函数类似于赋值变量：

a = 1
a = 4
a = 150
print(a)  # will print 150, not 1, 4, 150

因此，您应该将所有按钮（以后的其他小部件）放在同一个函数中，或更改函数名称并在init函数中调用它们。

工作代码（第一种方式，在我看来更好）：

import tkinter as tk
import os


class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello, what would you like help with today?"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.hi_there
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

        self.notepad = tk.Button(self)
        self.notepad["text"] = "Launch Notepad"
        self.notepad["command"] = self.notepad
        self.notepad.pack(side="right")

        self.hi = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
        self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
        self.hi.pack(side="left")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=root.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def cmd(self):
        os.system("start cmd /a")

    def notepad(self):
        os.system("start notepad")


root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()
sys.exit()

第二种方式：

import tkinter as tk
import os


class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.pack()
        self.create_widgets()
        self.create_widgets2()
        self.create_widgets3()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi_there["text"] = "Hello, what would you like help with today?"
        self.hi_there["command"] = self.hi_there
        self.hi_there.pack(side="top")

    def create_widgets2(self):
        self.notepad = tk.Button(self)
        self.notepad["text"] = "Launch Notepad"
        self.notepad["command"] = self.notepad
        self.notepad.pack(side="right")

    def create_widgets3(self):
        self.hi = tk.Button(self)
        self.hi["text"] = "Launch CMD"
        self.hi["command"] = self.cmd
        self.hi.pack(side="left")

        self.quit = tk.Button(self, text="QUIT", fg="red", command=root.destroy)
        self.quit.pack(side="bottom")

    def cmd(self):
        os.system("start cmd /a")

    def notepad(self):
        os.system("start notepad")


root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()
sys.exit()

我为任何语言错误道歉，但英语不是我的母语。