在 Android 14 上无法通过 BLE 接收数据

Question

我创建了连接到 BLE 设备的 Jetpack compose Android 应用程序。 BLE 设备更新其状态并将数据发送到应用程序。之前我使用过 Android 11 设备，现在我已将设备更新为具有 Android 14 的设备。

我在尝试使用 Android 14 向应用程序发送数据时遇到问题。我使用的是 Nordic Semiconductors Android BLE 库 v2.9.0。在 Android 端，我收到如下特征更改：

private val dataReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
        override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
            val action = intent!!.action
            Log.i(tag, "This is the action $action")
            try {
                when (action) {
                    bluetoothManager.actionConnected -> {

                    }
                    bluetoothManager.actionDisconnected -> {

                    }
                    bluetoothManager.actionDataAvailable -> {

                    }
                    bluetoothManager.actionInfoAvailable -> {

                    }
                    bluetoothManager.actionError -> {
                       
                    }
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                Log.e(tag, "onReceive ${e.stackTraceToString()}")
            }

在 Android 11 中使用完全相同相同的代码（不包括 BLE 权限）时，我正常接收数据，并且在日志中我按预期得到“这是操作 ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE”。使用 Android 14，我可以获得状态更新，例如“这是已连接的操作”和“这是已断开的操作”，但由于某种原因，它没有注册“这是操作 ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE”。当改回使用 Android 11 的手机时，一切都按预期运行。我还验证了代码适用于 Android 12。现在仅在 Android 14 上出现问题。

这可能是什么原因造成的？我需要考虑一些安全问题吗？

Answer 1

确保您已正确定义蓝牙权限。例如，在清单中，您可以在下面的代码中看到。

// Required permissions in AndroidManifest.xml
/*
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
*/


private val dataReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
        if (context == null || intent == null) return
        
        val action = intent.action ?: return
        Log.i(tag, "This is the action $action")
        
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
                // Check runtime permissions for Android 14+
                if (context.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) 
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    Log.e(tag, "Missing BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission")
                    return
                }
            }
            
            when (action) {
                bluetoothManager.actionConnected -> {
                    handleConnected()
                }
                bluetoothManager.actionDisconnected -> {
                    handleDisconnected()
                }
                bluetoothManager.actionDataAvailable -> {
                    handleDataAvailable(intent)
                }
                bluetoothManager.actionInfoAvailable -> {
                    handleInfoAvailable(intent)
                }
                bluetoothManager.actionError -> {
                    handleError(intent)
                }
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            Log.e(tag, "onReceive ${e.stackTraceToString()}")
        }
    }
}

// Register receiver with explicit intent filters
private fun registerReceiver() {
    val filter = IntentFilter().apply {
        addAction(bluetoothManager.actionConnected)
        addAction(bluetoothManager.actionDisconnected)
        addAction(bluetoothManager.actionDataAvailable)
        addAction(bluetoothManager.actionInfoAvailable)
        addAction(bluetoothManager.actionError)
    }
    
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
        context.registerReceiver(dataReceiver, filter, Context.RECEIVER_NOT_EXPORTED)
    } else {
        context.registerReceiver(dataReceiver, filter)
    }
}

// Don't forget to unregister
override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    try {
        context.unregisterReceiver(dataReceiver)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e(tag, "Error unregistering receiver: ${e.message}")
    }
}

并确保您的代码已注册接收器。处理蓝牙访问权限的逻辑。您可以在上面查看我的示例代码，以帮助您了解解决方案。 :)