我想从this (my game stat page)这样的网站中抓取数据,在这些网站中<canvas>
元素正在呈现交互式图表,并且未在原始HTML文件中显示任何数据。检查HTML,页面似乎使用chartjs。
如果我可以用python做所有事情,那将很棒,但是如果我真的需要使用一些javascript,那也将很好。
PS:我想避免使用需要额外文件的方法,例如phantomjs,但是如果这是唯一的方法,请足够慷慨地共享它:)。
解决此问题的一种方法是通过在行1050周围的页面源中检出页面的<script>
,这实际上是图表初始化的位置。图表的初始化过程中有一种重复出现的模式,其中画布元素被一一查询以获取其上下文,然后是提供图表标签和统计信息的变量。
此解决方案涵盖使用node.js,至少是具有以下模块的最新版本:
这是下面的solution和源代码:
const cheerio = require('cheerio');
const axios = require('axios');
const { parse, each, find } = require('abstract-syntax-tree');
async function main() {
// get the page source
const { data } = await axios.get(
'https://stats.warbrokers.io/players/i/5d2ead35d142affb05757778'
);
// load the page source with cheerio to query the elements
const $ = cheerio.load(data);
// get the script tag that contains the string 'Chart.defaults'
const contents = $('script')
.toArray()
.map(script => $(script).html())
.find(contents => contents.includes('Chart.defaults'));
// convert the script content to an AST
const ast = parse(contents);
// we'll put all declarations in this object
const declarations = {};
// current key
let key = null;
// iterate over all variable declarations inside a script
each(ast, 'VariableDeclaration', node => {
// iterate over possible declarations, e.g. comma separated
node.declarations.forEach(item => {
// let's get the key to contain the values of the statistics and their labels
// we'll use the ID of the canvas itself in this case..
if(item.id.name === 'ctx') { // is this a canvas context variable?
// get the only string literal that is not '2d'
const literal = find(item, 'Literal').find(v => v.value !== '2d');
if(literal) { // do we have non- '2d' string literals?
// then assign it as the current key
key = literal.value;
}
}
// ensure that the variable we're getting is an array expression
if(key && item.init && item.init.type === 'ArrayExpression') {
// get the array expression
const array = item.init.elements.map(v => v.value);
// did we get the values from the statistics?
if(declarations[key]) {
// zip the objects to associate keys and values properly
const result = {};
for(let index = 0; index < array.length; index++) {
result[array[index]] = declarations[key][index];
}
declarations[key] = result;
// let's make the key null again to avoid getting
// unnecessary array expression
key = null;
} else {
// store the values
declarations[key] = array;
}
}
});
});
// logging it here, it's up to you how you deal with the data itself
console.log(declarations);
}
main();