我正在寻找对给定文件进行签名并以 CMS 格式获取输出的最简单方法，但这必须使用 PKCS11 提供程序，因为用于签名的私钥位于智能卡上。
我可以使用 openssl 从命令行获取正确格式的签名文件（但请注意，这是从文件而不是智能卡获取证书）
openssl cms -sign -in sign.txt -out signout.txt -signer signer.pem -outform DER
我想使用尽可能最薄的包装器从代码中执行此操作。我可以使用 openssl 库，但要支持 pkcs11，您需要通过引擎连接（opensc 有一个），但随后它开始变得非常大。我突然想到一定有一个简单的 PKCS11 包装器可用。
如果包装器是“C”或.net，我很高兴。 我可以自己调用 PKCS11 提供商并进行签名，如果我知道如何输出为 CMS，那么也许一个库来完成此操作就足够了？
最美好的祝愿 詹姆斯
参加派对已经很晚了（黑客同伴们的 2 年算什么？），但这是我的“最小”OpenSSL + PKCS11 签名程序（用 C99 编写，通过将所有变量定义移动到块的顶部可转换为 C89）。
就我而言，我在 /opt/crypto 中“手动”构建了一个自定义加密堆栈，该程序的链接行是：
gcc -o tok-sign tok-sign.c -I /opt/crypto/include -g --std=gnu99 -Wall \
-L/opt/crypto/lib -lssl -lcrypto -lrt -lp11
最奇怪的一点是理解“动态”引擎实际上应该被称为“元引擎”；我必须直接通过 libp11 接口来获取要传递到
CMS_sign可以用更多的注释，而且很长；我为两者道歉。基本要点是：
dynamicpkcs11pkcs11libp11CMS_sign这是程序本身。我可能应该把它变成一篇博客文章。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <openssl/cms.h>
#include <openssl/conf.h>
#include <openssl/engine.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
#include <libp11.h>
#define FAIL( msg, dest ) \
do { \
fprintf( stderr, "error: " msg "\n" ); \
goto dest; \
} while ( 0 )
static
void
print_time( const char * label )
{
struct timespec ts;
clock_gettime( CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts );
fprintf( stderr, "+%8lld.%09ld: %s\n",
(long long)ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec, label );
}
int
main( int argc, char * argv [] )
{
enum
{
ARG_IN_DATA_FILE_IX = 1,
ARG_OUT_SIG_FILE_IX = 2,
ARG_KEY_LABEL_IX = 3,
ARG_KEY_PIN_IX = 4
};
int exit_code = 0;
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* initialization */
exit_code = 1;
SSL_load_error_strings();
SSL_library_init();
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* command-line processing */
exit_code = 2;
if ( argc != 5 )
{
fprintf( stderr, "usage: %s IN_DATA_FILE OUT_SIG_FILE"
" KEY_LABEL KEY_PIN\n", argv[0] );
return 1;
}
BIO * in_data_file = BIO_new_file( argv[ ARG_IN_DATA_FILE_IX ], "rb" );
if ( ! in_data_file )
{
perror( argv[ ARG_IN_DATA_FILE_IX ] );
goto end;
}
BIO * out_sig_file = BIO_new_file( argv[ ARG_OUT_SIG_FILE_IX ], "wb" );
if ( ! out_sig_file )
{
perror( argv[ ARG_OUT_SIG_FILE_IX ] );
goto free_in_data_file;
}
const char * key_label = argv[ ARG_KEY_LABEL_IX ];
char * key_id = calloc( sizeof( char ), strlen( key_label ) + 7 );
strcpy( key_id, "label_" );
strcat( key_id, key_label );
const char * key_pin = argv[ ARG_KEY_PIN_IX ];
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* load dynamic modules / engines */
exit_code = 3;
/* mandatory is "not optional"... */
const int CMD_MANDATORY = 0;
ENGINE_load_dynamic();
ENGINE * pkcs11 = ENGINE_by_id( "dynamic" );
if ( ! pkcs11 )
FAIL( "retrieving 'dynamic' engine", free_out_sig_file );
char * engine_pkcs11_so = "/opt/crypto/lib/engines/engine_pkcs11.so";
if ( 0 != access( engine_pkcs11_so, R_OK ) )
{
engine_pkcs11_so = "/lib/engines/engine_pkcs11.so";
if ( 0 != access( engine_pkcs11_so, R_OK ) )
FAIL( "finding 'engine_pkcs11.so'", free_pkcs11 );
}
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string( pkcs11, "SO_PATH", engine_pkcs11_so, CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "pkcs11: setting so_path <= 'engine_pkcs11.so'", free_pkcs11 );
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string( pkcs11, "ID", "pkcs11", CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "pkcs11: setting id <= 'pkcs11'", free_pkcs11 );
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd( pkcs11, "LIST_ADD", 1, NULL, NULL, CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "pkcs11: setting list_add <= 1", free_pkcs11 );
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd( pkcs11, "LOAD", 1, NULL, NULL, CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "pkcs11: setting load <= 1", free_pkcs11 );
ENGINE * tok = ENGINE_by_id( "pkcs11" );
if ( ! tok )
FAIL( "tok: unable to get engine", free_pkcs11 );
char * opensc_pkcs11_so = "/opt/crypto/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so";
if ( 0 != access( opensc_pkcs11_so, R_OK ) )
{
opensc_pkcs11_so = "/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so";
if ( 0 != access( opensc_pkcs11_so, R_OK ) )
FAIL( "finding 'opensc-pkcs11.so'", free_tok );
}
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string( tok, "MODULE_PATH", opensc_pkcs11_so, CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "setting module_path <= 'opensc-pkcs11.so'", free_tok );
if ( 1 != ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string( tok, "PIN", key_pin, CMD_MANDATORY ) )
FAIL( "setting pin", free_tok );
if ( 1 != ENGINE_init( tok ) )
FAIL( "tok: unable to initialize engine", free_tok );
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* reading from token */
exit_code = 4;
EVP_PKEY * key = ENGINE_load_private_key( tok, key_id, NULL, NULL );
if ( ! key )
FAIL( "reading private key", free_tok );
PKCS11_CTX * p11_ctx = PKCS11_CTX_new();
if ( ! p11_ctx )
FAIL( "opening pkcs11 context", free_key );
if ( 0 != PKCS11_CTX_load( p11_ctx, opensc_pkcs11_so ) )
FAIL( "unable to load module", free_p11_ctx );
PKCS11_SLOT * p11_slots;
unsigned int num_p11_slots;
if ( 0 != PKCS11_enumerate_slots( p11_ctx, &p11_slots, &num_p11_slots ) )
FAIL( "enumerating slots", free_p11_ctx_module );
PKCS11_SLOT * p11_used_slot =
PKCS11_find_token( p11_ctx, p11_slots, num_p11_slots );
if ( ! p11_used_slot )
FAIL( "finding token", free_p11_slots );
PKCS11_CERT * p11_certs;
unsigned int num_p11_certs;
if ( 0 != PKCS11_enumerate_certs( p11_used_slot->token, &p11_certs, &num_p11_certs ) )
FAIL( "enumerating certs", free_p11_slots );
STACK_OF(X509) * extra_certs = sk_X509_new_null();
if ( ! extra_certs )
FAIL( "allocating extra certs", free_p11_slots );
X509 * key_cert = NULL;
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < num_p11_certs; ++i )
{
PKCS11_CERT * p11_cert = p11_certs + i;
if ( ! p11_cert->label )
continue;
// fprintf( stderr, "p11: got cert label='%s', x509=%p\n",
// p11_cert->label, p11_cert->x509 );
if ( ! p11_cert->x509 )
{
fprintf( stderr, "p11: ... no x509, ignoring\n" );
continue;
}
const char * label = p11_cert->label;
const unsigned int label_len = strlen( label );
if ( strcmp( label, key_label ) == 0 )
{
// fprintf( stderr, "p11: ... saving as signing cert\n" );
key_cert = p11_cert->x509;
}
else if ( strncmp( label, "encrypt", 7 ) == 0 &&
label_len == 8 &&
'0' <= label[7] && label[7] <= '3' )
{
// fprintf( stderr, "p11: ... ignoring as encrypting cert\n" );
}
else
{
// fprintf( stderr, "p11: ... saving as extra cert\n" );
if ( ! sk_X509_push( extra_certs, p11_cert->x509 ) )
FAIL( "pushing extra cert", free_extra_certs );
}
}
if ( ! key_cert )
FAIL( "finding signing cert", free_extra_certs );
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* signing */
exit_code = 5;
print_time( "calling CMS_sign" );
CMS_ContentInfo * ci = CMS_sign( key_cert, key, extra_certs, in_data_file,
CMS_DETACHED | CMS_BINARY );
/* if ( 1 != PEM_write_bio_CMS( out_sig_file, ci ) )
FAIL( "could not write signature in PEM", free_ci ); */
print_time( "calling i2d_CMS_bio" );
if ( 1 != i2d_CMS_bio( out_sig_file, ci ) )
FAIL( "could not write signature in DER", free_ci );
print_time( "done" );
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* success */
exit_code = 0;
/* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* cleanup */
free_ci:
CMS_ContentInfo_free( ci );
free_extra_certs:
/* these certs are actually "owned" by the libp11 code, and are
* presumably freed with the slot or context. */
sk_X509_free( extra_certs );
free_p11_slots:
PKCS11_release_all_slots( p11_ctx, p11_slots, num_p11_slots );
free_p11_ctx_module:
PKCS11_CTX_unload( p11_ctx );
free_p11_ctx:
PKCS11_CTX_free( p11_ctx );
free_key:
EVP_PKEY_free( key );
free_tok:
ENGINE_free( tok );
free_pkcs11:
ENGINE_free( pkcs11 );
free_out_sig_file:
BIO_vfree( out_sig_file );
free_in_data_file:
BIO_vfree( in_data_file );
ERR_print_errors_fp( stderr );
ERR_remove_state( /* pid= */ 0 );
ENGINE_cleanup();
CONF_modules_unload( /* all= */ 1 );
EVP_cleanup();
ERR_free_strings();
CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();
end:
return exit_code;
}
我不久前编写了一套 PKCS7 签名/加密工具，这里是一个可能有帮助的片段（C#.Net 3.5）：
private byte[] signFile(byte[] fileContent, X509Certificate2 verificationCert)
{
ContentInfo contentInfo = new ContentInfo(fileContent);
SignedCms signedCMS = new SignedCms(contentInfo);
CmsSigner cmsSigner = new CmsSigner(SubjectIdentifierType.IssuerAndSerialNumber, verificationCert);
cmsSigner.SignedAttributes.Add(new Pkcs9SigningTime());
signedCMS.ComputeSignature(cmsSigner, false);
byte[] encoded = signedCMS.Encode();
return encoded;
}
我将签名的内容写到 .p7m 文件中。我不确定您将如何修改它以与您的智能卡一起使用，我必须了解更多信息。