使用python从3d .stl文件中查找2D横截面中的材料和空气是什么

问题描述 投票:2回答:1

我想从3D文件中创建2D横截面,而又不会丢失什么是物质和什么是空气的信息。enter image description here

最后,我想获得一个字典,其中包含构成材料和空气夹杂物(可以是多个)的最外面的点,即

"material" : [[x1,y1],[x2,y2]...]
"air_inclusions": [[[x11,y11],[x12,y12],...],[[x21,y21],[x22,y22],...],[[x31,y31],[x32,y32],...]]

这是我尝试执行此操作的示例:

我有以下.stl文件,您可以在这里下载https://filebin.net/c9o0zy4bnv8dvuew

使用惊人的python包trimesh,我可以导入.stl文件

import trimesh
import numpy as np   

mesh = trimesh.load_mesh(r"PATH_TO_FILE")
# give it a color
mesh.visual.face_colors = [100, 100, 100, 255]
# and show it
mesh.show(viewer='gl')

enter image description here

创建2D幻灯片

# I can create a 2D slice of the geometry at origin [0,0,5] and slice-plane with normal direction [0,0,1] 
slice = mesh.section(plane_origin=[0,0,5],
                     plane_normal=[0,0,1])
slice.show(viewer='gl')

enter image description here

提取顶点

# take 2D slice (before was still 3D) 
slice_2D, to_3D = slice.to_planar()
# get vertices
vertices =  np.asanyarray(slice_2D.vertices)

# plot 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x,y = vertices.T
plt.scatter(x,y,s=0.4)
plt.show()

enter image description here

我检索有关什么是物质和什么是空气的信息的方法

我的假设

最外面的点定义材料的边界。所有积分在内部定义空气夹杂物的边界。

我得到最外面的点-> convex hull

from scipy.spatial import ConvexHull

# compute the hull
hull = ConvexHull(vertices)
# plot
plt.plot(vertices[:,0], vertices[:,1], 'o')
for simplex in hull.simplices:
  plt.plot(vertices[simplex, 0], vertices[simplex, 1], 'k-')

enter image description here

要了解船体内部的所有点,我使用此答案What's an efficient way to find if a point lies in the convex hull of a point cloud?

# Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16750618/whats-an-efficient-way-to-find-if-a-point-lies-in-the-convex-hull-of-a-point-cl
def in_hull(p, hull):
    """
    Test if points in `p` are in `hull`

    `p` should be a `NxK` coordinates of `N` points in `K` dimensions
    `hull` is either a scipy.spatial.Delaunay object or the `MxK` array of the 
    coordinates of `M` points in `K`dimensions for which Delaunay triangulation
    will be computed
    """
    from scipy.spatial import Delaunay
    if not isinstance(hull,Delaunay):
        hull = Delaunay(hull)

    return hull.find_simplex(p)>=0

我收集剩余的分数

# Remaining points

remaining = []
for i,in_hull in enumerate(in_hull(vertices,hull.simplices)):
    if in_hull:
        remaining.append(vertices[i])

问题

  1. 其余点仅是两个点,但是应该更多,如上图所示。 为什么?如何解决?

    [TrackedArray([21.60581633,8.99397324]),TrackedArray([12.95590211,23.97608075])

  2. 您是否知道如果存在多个空气夹杂物,我将如何找到所有空气夹杂物?

enter image description here

您可以在这里找到文件:https://filebin.net/6blzvrrwhanv0jib

python 3d stl
1个回答
0
投票

由于采用了形状整齐的多边形,因此在其上构建了三边形网格时,您无需越过顶点。您可以使用一些内置函数。创建2D路径后,您几乎可以看到了。该路径具有两个属性:polygons_fullpolygons_closed。第一个是内部的最外多边形without,第二个是路径的所有多边形。您可以简单地做:

slice_2D, to_3D = slice.to_planar()
# create a new figure to which you can attach patches
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
# Here you get your outmost polygons and add them as patches to your plot
for p in slice_2D.polygons_full:
  ax.add_patch(PolygonPatch(p))
# this is needed due to the differences of polygons_full and polygons_closed to check, if the polygon is one of the outer polygons
outer_polys = [x.exterior for x in slice_2D.polygons_full]
# iterate over all polygons and check, whether they are one of the outmost polygons. If not plot it (the outmost ones have already been added as patches).
for p in (slice_2D.polygons_closed):
  if p.exterior not in outer_polys:
    plt.plot(*(p.exterior.xy), 'r')
# show the plot
plt.show()

图:Final output

或者您可以使用多边形的interior属性将其缩短:

slice_2D, to_3D = slice.to_planar()
for p in slice_2D.polygons_full:
  plt.plot(*(p.exterior.xy),'k')
  for r in p.interiors:
    plt.plot(*zip(*r.coords), 'b')

enter image description here

内部是填充多边形的“孔”,因此这应该正是您想要的。它们是LinearRing,因此您不能直接使用多边形属性。

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