Python：在列表中查找最长/最短的单词并在函数中调用它们

Question

我有一个单词列表：words = [“alpha”，“omega”，“up”，“down”，“over”，“under”，“purple”，“red”，“blue”，“green”]我有两个函数可以找到这个列表中最短和最长的单词：

def bigWords(list=[], *args):
    largestWord=""
    largestLen=0
    for word in list:
        if largestWord<len(word):
            largestWord=len(word)
            largestWord=word
    print "The longest word(s) in the list is %s." % largestWord

def smallWords(list=[], *args):
    smallestWord=""
    smallestLen=0
    for word in list:
        if smallestLen>len(word):
            smallestLen>len(word)
            smallestWord=word
    print "The shortest word(s) in the list is: %s." % (smallestWord)

我嵌套了这些函数，所以我可以立即调用它们：

def callFunctions():
###Words###
    words=["alpha","omega","up","down","over","under","purple","red","blue","green"]

    wordLength=lenList(words)
    print "The amount of words[] is %d" % wordLength
    func_list2 = [bigWords, smallWords]
    for f in func_list2:
        map(f, words)

callFunctions()

这只是返回此而不输入列表中的单词：

The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The longest word(s) in the list is .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .
The shortest word(s) in the list is: .

不知道为什么，任何帮助表示赞赏。

Answer 1

如果您愿意，可以采用更简单的方法来解决问题：

words=["alpha","omega","up","down","over","under","purple","red","blue","green"]
sortedwords = sorted(words, key=len)
print "The number of words in the list is: %s." % (len(words),)
print "The shortest word in the list is: %s." % (sortedwords[0],)
print "The longest word in the list is: %s." % (sortedwords[-1],)

这会产生：

The number of words in the list is: 10.
The shortest word in the list is: up.
The longest word in the list is: purple.

Answer 2

只需使用具有键作为长度的max和min函数

    y=[]
    for names in range(4):
       name=raw_input('Enter:')
       y+=name,
    s=max(y,key=len)
    r=min(y,key=len)

Answer 3

你是如此接近 - 但我认为问题是incallFunctions()。您正在将func_list2中的函数映射到单词数组中的每个字符串，而不是将该函数作为整体应用于数组。使用map是一个好主意，这是一个功能强大的功能，但你不需要在这里使用它。这是我用simple online interpreter测试的代码。试试吧。无论你正在学习什么/你正在制作的项目，祝你好运！

def bigWords(list=[], *args):
    largestWord=""
    for word in list:       
        if len(largestWord)<len(word):
            largestWord= word
    print "The longest word(s) in the list is %s." % largestWord
    return largestWord

def smallWords(list=[], *args):
    smallestWord = bigWords(list)
    for word in list:
        if len(smallestWord)> len(word):
            smallestWord = word
    print "The shortest word(s) in the list is: %s." % (smallestWord)


def callFunctions():
###Words###
    words=["alpha","omega","up","down","over","under","purple","red","blue","green"]

    wordLength=len(words)
    print "The amount of words[] is %d" % wordLength
    func_list2 = [bigWords, smallWords]
    for f in func_list2:
        f(words)

callFunctions()

Answer 4

首先，你在函数bigWords的代码中有一个错误。您应该与长度而不是单词进行比较，如下所示

def bigWords(list=[], *args):
    largestWord=""
    largestLen=0
    for word in list:
        if largestLen<len(word):
            largestLen=len(word)
            largestWord=word
    print "The longest word(s) in the list is %s." % largestWord

其次，要使用这两个函数，您需要将它们称为单词列表而不是每个单词：

def callFunctions():
###Words###
    words=["alpha","omega","up","down","over","under","purple","red","blue","green"]

   wordLength=lenList(words)
   print "The amount of words[] is %d" % wordLength
   func_list2 = [bigWords, smallWords]
   for f in func_list2:
       f(words)

callFunctions()

Answer 5

试试这个简单的方案：

def find_longest_and_shortest_word(list_of_words):
    longest_word = list_of_words[0]
    shortest_word = list_of_words[0]
    for word in list_of_words:
        if len(longest_word) < len(word):
            longest_word = word
        if len(shortest_word) > len(word):
            shortest_word = word
    print(f'The longest word is: {longest_word}')
    print(f'The shortest word is: {shortest_word}')
    return longest_word, shortest_word

Answer 6

您可以使用sorted()函数对列表进行排序，该函数允许您按照字符串的长度对列表进行排序。因为您需要添加key=len，因此函数将按长度排序，而不是按字母顺序排序。你还需要给函数reverse = true，这样就可以更容易地访问最长的字符串（它将在列表的[0]中）

def longest(my_list):
       my_list = sorted(my_list, key=len, reverse=True)
       return my_list[0]

   list1 = ['aaa', 'bbbb', 'cccccc', 'd']
   print(longest(list1))