Scrapy：USER_AGENT 和 ROBOTSXTXT_OBEY 设置正确，但我仍然收到错误 403

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

您好，提前感谢您提供的帮助或指导。这是我的刮刀：

import scrapy    
class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "rak"
    allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"]
    start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore']
    def parse(self, response):
        for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'):
            yield {
                'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(),
                'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(),
                'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first()
            }

这是我的settings.py的一部分

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36'
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 1
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 5
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = 'False'

这是日志的一部分：

DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore> (referer: None)

我已经尝试了在 s/o 中找到的几乎所有解决方案

日志文件：这是安装 Firefox 驱动程序后的新日志。现在我收到一个 错误：下载 https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore>

时出错 
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.4.0 started (bot: scrapybot)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'deals.spiders', 'CONCURRENT_REQUESTS': 1, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['deals.spiders'], 'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36', 'TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED': False, 'DOWNLOAD_DELAY': 5}
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [py.warnings] WARNING: :0: UserWarning: You do not have a working installation of the service_identity module: 'No module named cryptography.x509'.  Please install it from <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/service_identity> and make sure all of its dependencies are satisfied.  Without the service_identity module and a recent enough pyOpenSSL to support it, Twisted can perform only rudimentary TLS client hostname verification.  Many valid certificate/hostname mappings may be rejected.

2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
 'scrapy.extensions.memusage.MemoryUsage',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['deals.middlewares.JSMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Error downloading <GET https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 1128, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = g.send(result)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py", line 37, in process_request
    response = yield method(request=request, spider=spider)
  File "/home/seealldeals/tmp/scrapy/deals/deals/middlewares.py", line 63, in process_request
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 144, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 74, in start
    stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 710, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1327, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 8] Exec format error
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/exception_count': 1,
 'downloader/exception_type_count/exceptions.OSError': 1,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 17, 5, 38, 45, 328366),
 'log_count/ERROR': 1,
 'log_count/INFO': 7,
 'log_count/WARNING': 1,
 'memusage/max': 33509376,
 'memusage/startup': 33509376,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 11, 17, 5, 38, 45, 112667)}
2017-11-17 00:38:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
scrapy web-crawler agent
2个回答
4
投票

怎么了

  • rakuten.com
    已与具有防蜘蛛功能的
    Google Analytics
    集成。
  • 如果您的请求无法正确处理 
    rakuten.com
    的 
    analytics.js
    ，您将被阻止访问该网站并收到 
    403
    错误代码。

如何解决

使用Javascript渲染技术

  • 解决方案1：（将scrapy与scrapy-splash集成）

    • 这里是Scrapy-splash github存储库

    • 从 pypi 安装 scrapy-splash:

      pip install scrapy-splash
    • 将 Docker 安装到您的机器上

    • 运行 scrapy-splash 容器：

      docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash

    • 将以下行添加到您的

      settings.py

      SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.59.103:8050'

    • 将启动下载中间件附加到您的

      settings.py

      DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
    'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}

    • 将您的蜘蛛代码更改为

      import scrapy    
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest


class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "rak"
    allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"]
    start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore']

    def start_requests(self):
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield SplashRequest(url, self.parse, args={'wait': 0.5})

    def parse(self, response):
        for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'):
            yield {
                'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(),
                'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(),
                'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first()
            }

  • 方案二：（将scrapy与selenium webdriver集成作为中间件）

    • Selenium Web 驱动程序 python 绑定文档

    • 从 pypi 安装 Selenium：

      pip install selenium
    • 如果您想使用 
      Firefox
      浏览器，请将 Firefox 的 Geckodriver 安装到您的 
      PATH
      。
    • 如果您想使用 
      Chrome
      浏览器，请在您的 
      PATH
      上安装 Chrome 驱动程序。

    • 如果您想使用

      PhantomJS
      浏览器，请从
      phantomJS
      安装
      Homebrew
      。

         brew install phantomjs

    • 将 

      JSmiddleware
      课程添加到您的 
      middlewares.py

          from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
    from selenium import webdriver


    class JSMiddleware(object):
        def process_request(self, request, spider):
            driver = webdriver.Firefox()
            driver.get(request.url)

            body = driver.page_source
            return HtmlResponse(driver.current_url, body=body, encoding='utf-8', request=request)

    • 将 

      selenium download middleware
      附加到您的 
      settings.py

          DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
        'youproject.middlewares.JSMiddleware': 200
    }

    • 使用您原来的蜘蛛代码

          import scrapy    


    class RakutenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = "rak"
        allowed_domains = ["rakuten.com"]
        start_urls = ['https://www.rakuten.com/deals?omadtrack=hp_deals_viewmore']

        def parse(self, response):
            for sel in response.xpath('//div[@class="page-bottom"]/div'):
                yield {
                    'titles': sel.xpath("//div[@class='slider-prod-title']").extract_first(),
                    'prices': sel.xpath("//span[@class='price-bold']").extract_first(),
                    'images': sel.xpath("//div[@class='deal-img']/img").extract_first()
                }

更多

2
投票

你的设置有问题，应该是：

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False


ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
变量需要一个布尔值，您正在使用字符串设置它。您可以检查您的日志，它首先访问的是 
robots.txt
请求。

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