我刚刚完成了一个狗照片程序的编程，在出现了一些问题之后，它运行得很好。我决定制作一个修改版本，使用不同的 api 来提供猫图像。我花了一秒钟才弄清楚，但在更改格式后，我收到此错误：
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden这个错误是一致的，并且每次都会发生。
这是我的整个代码，因为这些答案似乎都没有帮助。
import tkinter, urllib.request, json
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
#Create the main window
main = tkinter.Tk()
main.geometry('550x600+800+300')
main.title('Dogs')
#This is the list of dog image urls
urllist = []
#This is the list of dog images
doglist = []
#This is a pointer to the image in the list, which is used as the image in the label
dognumber = 0
#Set W and H to the max width and height we want for the images
W, H = 500, 460
#Resize the image to the max width and height
def resize_image(img):
ratio = min(W/img.width, H/img.height)
return img.resize((int(img.width*ratio), int(img.height*ratio)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
#Change dog number by -1 to go back a dog, then set the image to the new dog
def last_image():
global doglist, dognumber
#This is pretty self explanatory
dognumber -= 1
#If the dog number is less than 0, set it to 0 so there's no negative indexing in dog list
if dognumber < 0:
dognumber = 0
#Set the image to the new dog
l.config(image=doglist[dognumber])
def fetch_image():
global doglist, dognumber, urllist
try:
#If the dog number is less than the length of the list, simply increment it by 1 and set the image to the new dog. This allows you to go back a dog, and then go forward again, instead of generating a new dog every time
dognumber += 1
l.config(image=doglist[dognumber])
except IndexError:
#Even if we are on the last dog on the list, that try script will add one to the dog number, so we need to subtract one to get the correct index
dognumber -= 1
#Get the actual image of the dog we want
dogapi = urllib.request.Request(f'https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/images/search')
dogapi.add_header("x-api-key", "blahblahblah12312")
dogjson = urllib.request.urlopen(dogapi).read()
dogdict = json.loads(dogjson)
url = dogdict[0]['url']
print(url)
#Convert the image to a PIL image
#error right here, stack overflow didnt help ):
m = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
mpi = resize_image(Image.open(m))
tkimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(mpi)
#Add the new dog to the list, as well as the url
doglist.append(tkimg)
urllist.append(url)
#Increment the dog number, and set the image to the new dog
dognumber += 1
l.config(image=tkimg)
l.image = tkimg
def save_dogs():
global urllist
#Open the file to write to
w = open('/'.join(__file__.split("\\")[:-1]) + '/doglist.txt', 'w')
#Write the urls to the file
w.write('\n'.join(urllist))
#Load Label and Buttons
l = tkinter.Label(main, image=tkinter.PhotoImage(), width=W, height=H)
b = tkinter.Button(main, text='Next Dog', command=fetch_image)
b2 = tkinter.Button(main, text='Last Dog', command=last_image)
b3 = tkinter.Button(main, text='Save Dogs', command=save_dogs)
def preloaddogs():
global doglist, dognumber, urllist
for _ in range(5):
#This does the same thing as fetch_image, but it doesn't increment the dog number so you dont end up on the last dog, and it sets the image shown to the first dog
dogapi = urllib.request.urlopen(f'https://dog.ceo/api/breeds/image/random')
dogjson = dogapi.read()
dogdict = json.loads(dogjson)
url = dogdict['message']
m = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
mpi = resize_image(Image.open(m))
tkimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(mpi)
doglist.append(tkimg)
urllist.append(url)
url = urllist[0]
m = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
mpi = resize_image(Image.open(m))
tkimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(mpi)
l.config(image=tkimg)
l.image = tkimg
#Load the widgets, and then preload the first 5 dogs
l.pack()
b.place(x=350, y=500)
b2.place(x=150, y=500)
b3.pack()
#preloaddogs()
main.mainloop()
这是完整的错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1921, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "g:\My Drive\Code\Projects\Dog\cats.pyw", line 58, in fetch_image
m = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 216, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 525, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 634, in http_response
response = self.parent.error(
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 563, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 496, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "C:\Users\doubl\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\urllib\request.py", line 643, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
我尝试添加 api 密钥，但仍然遇到相同的错误。 然后尝试将其添加到标题中，同样的故事。
“thecatapi”需要一个 API 密钥，但您似乎没有提供 API 密钥，这就是您收到 403 错误的原因
尝试添加 API 密钥作为请求标头
您可以在 thecatapi 网站
import requests
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
token = "token"
def getRandomCat():
url = "https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/images/search"
response = requests.get(url, params={"x-api-key": token})
return response.json()[0]["url"]
if __name__ == '__main__':
# get url of image
url = getRandomCat()
# get content from the url with the image
response = requests.get(url)
# convert and open Image (conversion with io)
image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content))
尝试更改使用的 API 端点。如果问题解决了，则可能是您无权访问此高级照片，或者您只是多次调用此端点。
您可能缺少 API 密钥。在 postman 中测试 API URL
https://thecatapi.com/v1/images/search?api_key=YOUR_API_KEY在此处获取您的 API 密钥：Cat API 密钥注册
通常，我会首先在 Postman 中测试这一点，方法是在 headers 中提供
x-api-key