使用Python中的Keras和TensorFlow无法重现结果

问题描述 投票:8回答:3

我有问题,我无法使用Keras和TensorFlow重现我的结果。

似乎最近在Keras documentation site上发布了针对此问题的解决方法,但不知何故,它对我不起作用。

我做错了什么?

我正在MBP Retina上使用Jupyter笔记本(没有Nvidia GPU)。

# ** Workaround from Keras Documentation **

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import random as rn

# The below is necessary in Python 3.2.3 onwards to
# have reproducible behavior for certain hash-based operations.
# See these references for further details:
# https://docs.python.org/3.4/using/cmdline.html#envvar-PYTHONHASHSEED
# https://github.com/fchollet/keras/issues/2280#issuecomment-306959926

import os
os.environ['PYTHONHASHSEED'] = '0'

# The below is necessary for starting Numpy generated random numbers
# in a well-defined initial state.

np.random.seed(42)

# The below is necessary for starting core Python generated random numbers
# in a well-defined state.

rn.seed(12345)

# Force TensorFlow to use single thread.
# Multiple threads are a potential source of
# non-reproducible results.
# For further details, see: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42022950/which-seeds-have-to-be-set-where-to-realize-100-reproducibility-of-training-res

session_conf = tf.ConfigProto(intra_op_parallelism_threads=1, inter_op_parallelism_threads=1)

from keras import backend as K

# The below tf.set_random_seed() will make random number generation
# in the TensorFlow backend have a well-defined initial state.
# For further details, see: https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/set_random_seed

tf.set_random_seed(1234)

sess = tf.Session(graph=tf.get_default_graph(), config=session_conf)
K.set_session(sess)


# ** Workaround end **

# ** Start of my code **


# LSTM and CNN for sequence classification in the IMDB dataset
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.layers import LSTM
from keras.layers.embeddings import Embedding
from keras.preprocessing import sequence
from sklearn import metrics
# fix random seed for reproducibility
#np.random.seed(7)

# ... importing data and so on ...

# create the model
embedding_vecor_length = 32
neurons = 91
epochs = 1
model = Sequential()
model.add(Embedding(top_words, embedding_vecor_length, input_length=max_review_length))
model.add(LSTM(neurons))
model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
model.compile(loss='mean_squared_logarithmic_error', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
print(model.summary())
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=epochs, batch_size=64)
# Final evaluation of the model
scores = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, verbose=0)
print("Accuracy: %.2f%%" % (scores[1]*100))

二手Python版:

Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda custom (x86_64)| (default, Oct  6 2017, 12:04:38) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)]

解决方法已包含在代码中(无效)。

每次我做训练部分时都会得到不同的结果。

重置Jupyter笔记本的内核时,第一次对应第一次,第二次对应第二次。

因此,在重置之后,我将在第一次运行时获得0.7782,在第二次运行时获得0.7732等。

但是每次运行时没有内核重置的结果总是不同的。

我会对任何建议有所帮助!

python python-3.x random tensorflow keras
3个回答
4
投票

我有完全相同的问题,并设法通过每次运行模型时关闭并重新启动tensorflow会话来解决它。在你的情况下,它应该是这样的:

#START A NEW TF SESSION
np.random.seed(0)
tf.set_random_seed(0)
sess = tf.Session(graph=tf.get_default_graph())
K.set_session(sess)

embedding_vecor_length = 32
neurons = 91
epochs = 1
model = Sequential()
model.add(Embedding(top_words, embedding_vecor_length, input_length=max_review_length))
model.add(LSTM(neurons))
model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
model.compile(loss='mean_squared_logarithmic_error', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
print(model.summary())
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=epochs, batch_size=64)
# Final evaluation of the model
scores = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, verbose=0)
print("Accuracy: %.2f%%" % (scores[1]*100))

#CLOSE TF SESSION
K.clear_session()

我运行了以下代码,并使用GPU和tensorflow后端获得了可重现的结果:

print datetime.now()
for i in range(10):
    np.random.seed(0)
    tf.set_random_seed(0)
    sess = tf.Session(graph=tf.get_default_graph())
    K.set_session(sess)

    n_classes = 3
    n_epochs = 20
    batch_size = 128

    task = Input(shape = x.shape[1:])
    h = Dense(100, activation='relu', name='shared')(task)
    h1= Dense(100, activation='relu', name='single1')(h)
    output1 = Dense(n_classes, activation='softmax')(h1)

    model = Model(task, output1)
    model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='Adam')
    model.fit(x_train, y_train_onehot, batch_size = batch_size, epochs=n_epochs, verbose=0)
print(model.evaluate(x=x_test, y=y_test_onehot, batch_size=batch_size, verbose=0))
K.clear_session()

并获得此输出:

2017-10-23 11:27:14.494482
0.489712882132
0.489712893813
0.489712892765
0.489712854426
0.489712882132
0.489712864011
0.486303713004
0.489712903398
0.489712892765
0.489712903398

我的理解是,如果你没有关闭你的tf会话(你是通过在一个新的内核中运行它),你继续采样相同的“种子”分布。


0
投票

看起来TensorFlow / Keras中的错误不确定。将Keras后端设置为CNTK时,结果可重现。

我甚至试过从1.2.1到1.13.1的几个版本的TensorFlow。即使设置了随机种子,所有TensorFlow版本的结果也不同意多次运行。


0
投票

我的答案如下,它使用Keras和Tensorflow作为后端。在嵌套的for循环中,通常会迭代您希望探索模型开发的各种参数,在最后一次for loop之后立即添加此函数。

for...
   for...
      reset_keras()
      .
      .
      .

其中reset函数定义为

def reset_keras():
    sess = tf.keras.backend.get_session()
    tf.keras.backend.clear_session()
    sess.close()
    sess = tf.keras.backend.get_session()
    np.random.seed(1)
    tf.set_random_seed(2)

PS:上面的函数实际上也避免了你的nvidia GPU积累了太多的内存(这在多次迭代后发生),因此它最终变得非常慢......所以该函数恢复GPU性能并保持结果的可重现性。

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