这段代码捕获OpenGL窗口并导出到BMP文件。您必须有 FreeImage 库才能运行它。
// Make the BYTE array, factor of 3 because it's RBG.
BYTE* pixels = new BYTE[3 * width * height];
glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
// Convert to FreeImage format & save to file
FIBITMAP* image = FreeImage_ConvertFromRawBits(pixels, width, height, 3 * width, 24, 0x0000FF, 0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, false);
FreeImage_Save(FIF_BMP, image, "C:/test.bmp", 0);
// Free resources
FreeImage_Unload(image);
delete [] pixels;
glReadPixels 会将这些位复制到您提供的内存缓冲区中。您必须手动格式化数据(您选择的图像格式)并在 glReadPixels 返回后将其写入磁盘。
可运行示例
每次在窗口上单击鼠标时,都会使用当前屏幕截图创建一个
tmpX.ppm
文件。
您可以在 Linux 上使用
eog
查看此文件,并使用文本编辑器检查它。
要在不显示窗口的情况下进行渲染,请参阅:如何使用 GLUT/OpenGL 渲染到文件?
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES 1
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GL/glext.h>
static GLubyte *pixels = NULL;
static const GLenum FORMAT = GL_RGBA;
static const GLuint FORMAT_NBYTES = 4;
static const unsigned int HEIGHT = 500;
static const unsigned int WIDTH = 500;
static unsigned int nscreenshots = 0;
static unsigned int time;
/* Model. */
static double angle = 0;
static double angle_speed = 45;
static void init(void) {
glReadBuffer(GL_BACK);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
pixels = malloc(FORMAT_NBYTES * WIDTH * HEIGHT);
time = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
}
static void deinit(void) {
free(pixels);
}
static void create_ppm(char *prefix, int frame_id, unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
unsigned int color_max, unsigned int pixel_nbytes, GLubyte *pixels) {
size_t i, j, k, cur;
enum Constants { max_filename = 256 };
char filename[max_filename];
snprintf(filename, max_filename, "%s%d.ppm", prefix, frame_id);
FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w");
fprintf(f, "P3\n%d %d\n%d\n", width, HEIGHT, 255);
for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < width; j++) {
cur = pixel_nbytes * ((height - i - 1) * width + j);
fprintf(f, "%3d %3d %3d ", pixels[cur], pixels[cur + 1], pixels[cur + 2]);
}
fprintf(f, "\n");
}
fclose(f);
}
static void draw_scene() {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f( 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f( 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glEnd();
}
static void display(void) {
draw_scene();
glutSwapBuffers();
glReadPixels(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, FORMAT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
}
static void idle(void) {
int new_time = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
angle += angle_speed * (new_time - time) / 1000.0;
angle = fmod(angle, 360.0);
time = new_time;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y) {
if (state == GLUT_DOWN) {
puts("screenshot");
create_ppm("tmp", nscreenshots, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 255, FORMAT_NBYTES, pixels);
nscreenshots++;
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
GLint glut_display;
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(idle);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
atexit(deinit);
glutMainLoop();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
编译:
gcc main.c -lm -lGL -lGLU -lglut
在 Ubuntu 15.10、OpenGL 4.5.0 NVIDIA 352.63 上测试。
Vulkan
这个例子刚刚工作:https://github.com/SaschaWillems/Vulkan/blob/b9f0ac91d2adccc3055a904d3a8f6553b10ff6cd/examples/screenshot/screenshot.cpp如何运行它:是否可以在Vulkan中没有Surface的情况下进行离屏渲染?
简单快速的解决方案。
tga
文件扩展名。这是代码:
void saveScreenshotToFile(std::string filename, int windowWidth, int windowHeight) {
const int numberOfPixels = windowWidth * windowHeight * 3;
unsigned char pixels[numberOfPixels];
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glReadBuffer(GL_FRONT);
glReadPixels(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight, GL_BGR_EXT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
FILE *outputFile = fopen(filename.c_str(), "w");
short header[] = {0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, (short) windowWidth, (short) windowHeight, 24};
fwrite(&header, sizeof(header), 1, outputFile);
fwrite(pixels, numberOfPixels, 1, outputFile);
fclose(outputFile);
printf("Finish writing to file.\n");
}
并调用该函数:
saveScreenshotToFile("test.tga", 1200, 900);
将 TARGA 文件转换为 PNG 的 bash 脚本:
for oldFileName in *.tga; do
[ -f "$oldFileName" ] || break # Break out if no .tga files found.
newFileName=${oldFileName//.tga/.png}
convert $oldFileName $newFileName
rm $oldFileName
echo "Converted $oldFileName to $newFileName"
done
您可以使用@Rafael的答案和OpenCV保存屏幕截图:
void Game::saveScreenshotToFile(std::string filename, int windowWidth, int windowHeight) {
cv::Mat img(windowHeight, windowWidth, CV_8UC3);
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, (img.step & 3) ? 1 : 4);
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, img.step/img.elemSize());
glReadPixels(0, 0, img.cols, img.rows, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img.data);
cv::flip(img, img, 0);
//cv::imshow("Image",img);
//cv::waitKey(0);
cv::imwrite(filename, img);
}
一般情况下,OpenGL不提供保存图像的函数。我认为最快、最简单的方法是保存为 .PPM 格式。然而,这种格式是未压缩的,这意味着它的文件大小会非常大。而且现在只有相当多的程序可以支持。
我更喜欢将图像保存为 .png 文件,该文件经过压缩但也提供无损图像并受到许多浏览器的支持。要将 OpenGL 保存为 .png 格式,我首先推荐 PNGwriter。它非常简单且易于使用。例如,要将颜色为(R,G,B)的图像像素保存在位置(x,y),您的代码将是(请参阅 PNGwriter 网站中的“快速入门”):
pngwriter PNG(width, height, 1.0, fileName); // "1.0" stand for the white background
PNG.plot(x, y, R, G, B);
PNG.close();
请注意,由于 PNGwriter 从图像的左上角开始保存每个像素,而从 glReadPixels() 获取的数组从窗口的左下角开始,因此保存整个图像的代码可能看起来像这个:
GLfloat* pixels = new GLfloat[nPixels];
glReadPixels(0.0, 0.0, width, height,GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, pixels);
pngwriter PNG(width, height, 1.0, fileName);
size_t x = 1;
size_t y = 1;
double R, G, B;
for(size_t i=0; i<npixels; i++) // "i" is the index for array "pixels"
{
switch(i%3)
{
case 2:
B = static_cast<double>(pixels[i]); break;
case 1:
G = static_cast<double>(pixels[i]); break;
case 0:
R = static_cast<double>(pixels[i]);
PNG.plot(x, y, R, G, B); // set pixel to position (x, y)
if( x == width ) // Move to the next row of image
{
x=1;
y++;
}
else // To the next pixel
{ x++; }
break;
}
}
PNG.close();
我修改了 Ciro Santilli OurBigBook.com 的答案,以包括线程和更好的性能。
#include <thread>
#include <Windows.h>
#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES 1
#include <GL\GL.h>
#include <GL\GLU.h>
#include <glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static GLubyte *pixels = NULL;
static const GLenum FORMAT = GL_RGBA;
static const GLuint FORMAT_NBYTES = 4;
static const unsigned int HEIGHT = 500;
static const unsigned int WIDTH = 500;
static unsigned int nscreenshots = 0;
static unsigned int gameTime;
static bool grabScreen = false;
static bool threadRunning = false;
/* Model. */
static double angle = 0;
static double angle_speed = 45;
static void init(void) {
glReadBuffer(GL_BACK);
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
pixels = (GLubyte*)malloc(FORMAT_NBYTES * WIDTH * HEIGHT);
gameTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
}
static void deinit(void) {
free(pixels);
}
static void create_ppm(char *prefix, int frame_id, unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
unsigned int color_max, unsigned int pixel_nbytes, GLubyte *pixels) {
size_t i, j, k, cur;
enum Constants { max_filename = 256 };
char filename[max_filename];
sprintf(filename, "%s%d.ppm", prefix, frame_id);
FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w");
fprintf(f, "P3\n%d %d\n%d\n", width, HEIGHT, 255);
for (i = 0; i < height; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < width; j++) {
cur = pixel_nbytes * ((height - i - 1) * width + j);
fprintf(f, "%3d %3d %3d ", pixels[cur], pixels[cur + 1], pixels[cur + 2]);
}
fprintf(f, "\n");
}
fclose(f);
}
static void draw_scene() {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glRotatef(angle, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glEnd();
}
static void savepixels()
{
threadRunning = true;
create_ppm("tmp", nscreenshots, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 255, FORMAT_NBYTES, pixels);
nscreenshots++;
threadRunning = false;
}
static void display(void) {
draw_scene();
glutSwapBuffers();
if (grabScreen){
grabScreen = false;
if (threadRunning){
printf("Thread running\n");
}
else{
glReadPixels(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, FORMAT, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
puts("screenshot");
std::thread t{ savepixels };
t.detach();
}
}
}
static void idle(void) {
int new_gameTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
angle += angle_speed * (new_gameTime - gameTime) / 1000.0;
angle = fmod(angle, 360.0);
gameTime = new_gameTime;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y) {
if (state == GLUT_DOWN && grabScreen == false) {
grabScreen = true;
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
GLint glut_display;
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(idle);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
atexit(deinit);
glutMainLoop();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}