使用子类化 API 时 Tensorflow 中出现 ValueError

Question

我正在尝试学习如何对来自时尚 MNIST 的一批数据使用子类 API。但我一遍又一遍地遇到相同的形状错误，但我找不到它来自哪里。 这是我的代码：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras

import os
import sys
assert sys.version_info >= (3, 5)
import sklearn
assert sklearn.__version__ >= "0.20"

import numpy as np
import matplotlib

fashion_mnist = keras.datasets.fashion_mnist
(X_train_full, y_train_full), (X_test, y_test) = fashion_mnist.load_data()

X_valid, X_train = X_train_full[:5000] / 255., X_train_full[5000:] / 255.
y_valid, y_train = y_train_full[:5000], y_train_full[5000:]
X_test = X_test / 255.

#Note that I am not using this part of the code for now because I
#need to debug it first:

#class Block(keras.layers.Layer):
#    def __init__(self, n_layers, n_neurons, **kwargs):
#        super().__init__(**kwargs)
#        self.hidden = [keras.layers.Dense(n_neurons, #activation="relu")
#                       for _ in range(n_layers)]

#    def call(self, inputs):
#        Z = inputs
#        for layer in self.hidden:
#            Z = layer(Z)
#        return inputs + Z

class Modeling(keras.Model):
  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
      super().__init__(**kwargs)
      self.Flatten = keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=[28,28])
      self.dense1 = keras.layers.Dense(30, activation="relu")
      self.out = keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax")

  def call(self, inputs):
    Z = self.dense1(self.Flatten(inputs))
#    for _ in range (1 + 3):
#      Z = self.block1(Z)
#    Z = self.block2(Z)
    return self.out(Z)

#This one shows that there is multiple output_shapes : 
model = Modeling()
model.build([28,28])
model.summary()

model.compile(optimizer="sgd", loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=1, validation_data=(X_valid, y_valid))

我不断收到的信息是，简而言之：

ValueError                                
Traceback 
      1 model.compile(optimizer="sgd", loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", metrics=['accuracy'])
      2 
----> 3 model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=1, validation_data=(X_valid, y_valid))

        ValueError: Input 0 of layer "dense" is incompatible with the layer: expected axis -1 of input shape to have value 28, but received input with shape (None, 784)
    
    
    Call arguments received:
      • inputs=tf.Tensor(shape=(None, 28, 28), dtype=float32)

如何解决？

Answer 1

错误消息本身告诉您，您的输入的形状与您定义的模型期望的形状不同。因此，密集层期望输入数据具有一定数量的特征，但得到的数据不同。

我不确定使用此处使用的结构对您是否重要：

class Modeling(keras.Model):
  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
      super().__init__(**kwargs)
      self.Flatten = keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=[28,28])
      self.dense1 = keras.layers.Dense(30, activation="relu")
      self.out = keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax")

  def call(self, inputs):
    Z = self.dense1(self.Flatten(inputs))
#    for _ in range (1 + 3):
#      Z = self.block1(Z)
#    Z = self.block2(Z)
    return self.out(Z)

当我将其替换为以下内容时：

model = keras.models.Sequential([
    keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=[28,28]),
    keras.layers.Dense(30, activation="relu"),
    keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax")
])

它有效。

完整的工作代码：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras

import os
import sys


import numpy as np
import matplotlib

fashion_mnist = keras.datasets.fashion_mnist
(X_train_full, y_train_full), (X_test, y_test) = fashion_mnist.load_data()

X_valid, X_train = X_train_full[:5000] / 255., X_train_full[5000:] / 255.
y_valid, y_train = y_train_full[:5000], y_train_full[5000:]
X_test = X_test / 255.

model = keras.models.Sequential([
    keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=[28,28]),
    keras.layers.Dense(30, activation="relu"),
    keras.layers.Dense(10, activation="softmax")
])

model.compile(optimizer="sgd", loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=1, validation_data=(X_valid, y_valid))

给我

loss: 0.8309 - acc: 0.7282 - val_loss: 0.5908 - val_acc: 0.7994