我目前正在尝试将我收到的JSON对象转换为具有相同属性的TypeScript类,但我无法使其工作。我究竟做错了什么?
员工类
export class Employee{
firstname: string;
lastname: string;
birthdate: Date;
maxWorkHours: number;
department: string;
permissions: string;
typeOfEmployee: string;
note: string;
lastUpdate: Date;
}
员工字符串
{
"department": "<anystring>",
"typeOfEmployee": "<anystring>",
"firstname": "<anystring>",
"lastname": "<anystring>",
"birthdate": "<anydate>",
"maxWorkHours": <anynumber>,
"username": "<anystring>",
"permissions": "<anystring>",
"lastUpdate": "<anydate>"
//I will add note later
}
我的尝试
let e: Employee = new Employee();
Object.assign(e, {
"department": "<anystring>",
"typeOfEmployee": "<anystring>",
"firstname": "<anystring>",
"lastname": "<anystring>",
"birthdate": "<anydate>",
"maxWorkHours": 3,
"username": "<anystring>",
"permissions": "<anystring>",
"lastUpdate": "<anydate>"
});
console.log(e);
编译器允许您将从JSON.parse
返回的对象转换为类的原因是因为typescript is based on structural subtyping。
你没有真正的Employee
实例,你有一个具有相同属性的对象(如你在控制台中看到的那样)。
一个更简单的例子:
class A {
constructor(public str: string, public num: number) {}
}
function logA(a: A) {
console.log(`A instance with str: "${ a.str }" and num: ${ a.num }`);
}
let a1 = { str: "string", num: 0, boo: true };
let a2 = new A("stirng", 0);
logA(a1); // no errors
logA(a2);
(Qazxswpoi)
没有错误,因为code in playground满足类型a1
,因为它具有所有属性,并且可以调用A
函数而没有运行时错误,即使它接收的不是logA
的实例,只要它具有相同的属性即可。
当你的类是简单的数据对象并且没有方法时,这很有用,但是一旦你引入了方法,那么事情往往会破坏:
A
(Qazxswpoi)
这很好用:
class A {
constructor(public str: string, public num: number) { }
multiplyBy(x: number): number {
return this.num * x;
}
}
// this won't compile:
let a1 = { str: "string", num: 0, boo: true } as A; // Error: Type '{ str: string; num: number; boo: boolean; }' cannot be converted to type 'A'
// but this will:
let a2 = { str: "string", num: 0 } as A;
// and then you get a runtime error:
a2.multiplyBy(4); // Error: Uncaught TypeError: a2.multiplyBy is not a function
(Qazxswpoi)
如果您在对象上尝试使用code in playground时它不是字符串:
const employeeString = '{"department":"<anystring>","typeOfEmployee":"<anystring>","firstname":"<anystring>","lastname":"<anystring>","birthdate":"<anydate>","maxWorkHours":0,"username":"<anystring>","permissions":"<anystring>","lastUpdate":"<anydate>"}';
let employee1 = JSON.parse(employeeString);
console.log(employee1);
然后你会得到错误,因为它不是一个字符串,它是一个对象,如果你已经有了这个形式,那么就没有必要使用code in playground了。
但是,正如我所写的那样,如果你采用这种方式,那么你将不会拥有该类的实例,只是一个与类成员具有相同属性的对象。
如果你想要一个实例,那么:
JSON.parse
如果你使用let e = {
"department": "<anystring>",
"typeOfEmployee": "<anystring>",
"firstname": "<anystring>",
"lastname": "<anystring>",
"birthdate": "<anydate>",
"maxWorkHours": 3,
"username": "<anystring>",
"permissions": "<anystring>",
"lastUpdate": "<anydate>"
}
let employee2 = JSON.parse(e);
而不是类,事情就更简单了:
JSON.parse
但是,如果你想要一个类,简单的转换将不起作用。例如:
let e = new Employee();
Object.assign(e, {
"department": "<anystring>",
"typeOfEmployee": "<anystring>",
"firstname": "<anystring>",
"lastname": "<anystring>",
"birthdate": "<anydate>",
"maxWorkHours": 3,
"username": "<anystring>",
"permissions": "<anystring>",
"lastUpdate": "<anydate>"
});
对于类,您必须编写一个接受JSON字符串/对象的构造函数,然后遍历属性以手动分配每个成员,如下所示:
TypeScript interface
您的JSON数据具有您在课堂上没有的一些属性。用于映射您可以执行简单的自定义映射
export interface Employee {
typeOfEmployee_id: number;
department_id: number;
permissions_id: number;
maxWorkHours: number;
employee_id: number;
firstname: string;
lastname: string;
username: string;
birthdate: Date;
lastUpdate: Date;
}
let jsonObj: any = JSON.parse(employeeString); // string to generic object first
let employee: Employee = <Employee>jsonObj;
并指定你的构造函数
雇员
类
class Foo {
name: string;
public pump() { }
}
let jsonObj: any = JSON.parse('{ "name":"hello" }');
let fObj: Foo = <Foo>jsonObj;
fObj.pump(); // crash, method is undefined!
请记住:强类型只是编译时间,因为javascript不支持它。
首先,您需要确保来自服务的所有属性在您的类中命名相同。然后你可以解析对象,然后将它分配给你的新变量,如下所示:
class Foo {
name: string;
constructor(jsonStr: string) {
let jsonObj: any = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
for (let prop in jsonObj) {
this[prop] = jsonObj[prop];
}
}
}
let fObj: Foo = new Foo(theJsonString);
试试吧!