我有一个 3 列矩阵;绘图由基于第 1 列和第 2 列值的点绘制,但基于第 2 列(6 个不同的组)进行着色。我可以成功绘制所有点,但是,分配了紫色的最后一个绘图组(第 6 组)掩盖了其他组的绘图。有没有办法让情节更加透明?
s <- read.table("/.../parse-output.txt", sep="\t")
dim(s)
[1] 67124 3
x <- s[,1]
y <- s[,2]
z <- s[,3]
cols <- cut(z, 6, labels = c("pink", "red", "yellow", "blue", "green", "purple"))
plot(x, y, main= "Fragment recruitment plot - FR-HIT", ylab = "Percent identity", xlab = "Base pair position", col = as.character(cols), pch=16)
否则,您可以在包
alpha
中使用函数scales
,您可以在其中直接输入颜色向量(即使它们是示例中的因素):
library(scales)
cols <- cut(z, 6, labels = c("pink", "red", "yellow", "blue", "green", "purple"))
plot(x, y, main= "Fragment recruitment plot - FR-HIT",
ylab = "Percent identity", xlab = "Base pair position",
col = alpha(cols, 0.4), pch=16)
# For an alpha of 0.4, i. e. an opacity of 40%.
透明度也可以在颜色参数中编码。它只是另外两个十六进制数字,编码介于 0(完全透明)和 255(完全可见)之间的透明度。我曾经编写过这个函数来为颜色矢量添加透明度,也许它在这里有用?
addTrans <- function(color,trans)
{
# This function adds transparancy to a color.
# Define transparancy with an integer between 0 and 255
# 0 being fully transparant and 255 being fully visable
# Works with either color and trans a vector of equal length,
# or one of the two of length 1.
if (length(color)!=length(trans)&!any(c(length(color),length(trans))==1)) stop("Vector lengths not correct")
if (length(color)==1 & length(trans)>1) color <- rep(color,length(trans))
if (length(trans)==1 & length(color)>1) trans <- rep(trans,length(color))
num2hex <- function(x)
{
hex <- unlist(strsplit("0123456789ABCDEF",split=""))
return(paste(hex[(x-x%%16)/16+1],hex[x%%16+1],sep=""))
}
rgb <- rbind(col2rgb(color),trans)
res <- paste("#",apply(apply(rgb,2,num2hex),2,paste,collapse=""),sep="")
return(res)
}
一些例子:
cols <- sample(c("red","green","pink"),100,TRUE)
# Fully visable:
plot(rnorm(100),rnorm(100),col=cols,pch=16,cex=4)
# Somewhat transparant:
plot(rnorm(100),rnorm(100),col=addTrans(cols,200),pch=16,cex=4)
# Very transparant:
plot(rnorm(100),rnorm(100),col=addTrans(cols,100),pch=16,cex=4)
如果您决定使用
ggplot2
,您可以使用 alpha
参数设置重叠点的透明度。
例如
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(diamonds, aes(carat, price)) + geom_point(alpha = 1/40)
尝试这个自定义函数
col_r()
,它仅使用 grDevices
中已在基础 R 中可用的函数。
col_r <- function(col, alpha = NA) {
MAX_COL <- 255
col_mtx <- t(col2rgb(col))
if (is.na(alpha)) {
rgb(red = col_mtx, maxColorValue = MAX_COL)
} else {
col_alf <- MAX_COL * alpha
rgb(red = col_mtx, alpha = col_alf, maxColorValue = MAX_COL)
}
}
如果您输入颜色的名称,则
col_r()
将返回十六进制代码,并通过 alpha
调整透明度。
# No transparency info.
col_r(c("pink", "purple"))
[1] "#FFC0CB" "#A020F0"
# Full opacity.
col_r(c("pink", "purple"), alpha = 1)
[1] "#FFC0CBFF" "#A020F0FF"
# 60% transparency.
col_r(c("pink", "purple"), alpha = 0.4)
[1] "#FFC0CB66" "#A020F066"