uniform_real_distribution operator（）编译错误

Question

我写了这段代码：

std::pair<std::weak_ptr<Node>, size_t> NodeSelector::rouletteWheel() const {
    const std::uniform_real_distribution<long double> urd;
    size_t i = 0;
    for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine); rnd >= 0; ++i) {
        rnd -= getNormValue(i);
    }
    return std::make_pair(entries_[i - 1], i - 1);
}

以这种方式初始化“shared_random_engine”的位置（在单独的.h文件中）

std::minstd_rand shared_random_engine(static_cast<unsigned int>(42));

只要我在Windows上编译它，一切都很完美，但是当我尝试使用g ++ 7.3.0在Ubuntu 18.04.2上编译时，我收到此错误：

montecarlo.cpp: In member function ‘std::pair<std::weak_ptr<MonteCarloNode>, long unsigned int> NodeSelector::rouletteWheel() const’:
montecarlo.cpp:728:41: error: no match for call to ‘(const std::uniform_real_distribution<long double>) (std::minstd_rand&)’
  for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine); rnd >= 0; ++i) {
                                         ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/random:49:0,
                 from selector.h:15,
                 from montecarlo.h:13,
                 from montecarlo.cpp:7:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1813:2: note: candidate: std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator&) [with _UniformRandomNumberGenerator = std::linear_congruential_engine<long unsigned int, 48271, 0, 2147483647>; _RealType = long double; std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type = long double] <near match>
  operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __urng)
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1813:2: note:   passing ‘const std::uniform_real_distribution<long double>*’ as ‘this’ argument discards qualifiers
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1818:2: note: candidate: template<class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator> std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator&, const std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::param_type&) [with _UniformRandomNumberGenerator = _UniformRandomNumberGenerator; _RealType = long double]
  operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __urng,
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1818:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
montecarlo.cpp:728:41: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 1 provided
  for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine); rnd >= 0; ++i) {
                                         ^

由于错误的最后几行告诉我预期有2个参数，因此我按以下方式更改了代码：

for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine, urd.param())

在Windows上，它仍然可以正常工作，但在Ubuntu上我收到此错误，现在告诉我只传递一个参数：

montecarlo.cpp: In member function ‘std::pair<std::weak_ptr<MonteCarloNode>, long unsigned int> NodeSelector::rouletteWheel() const’:
montecarlo.cpp:728:54: error: no match for call to ‘(const std::uniform_real_distribution<long double>) (std::minstd_rand&, std::uniform_real_distribution<long double>::param_type)’
  for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine, urd.param()); rnd >= 0; ++i) {
                                                      ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/random:49:0,
                 from selector.h:15,
                 from montecarlo.h:13,
                 from montecarlo.cpp:7:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1813:2: note: candidate: template<class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator> std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator&) [with _UniformRandomNumberGenerator = _UniformRandomNumberGenerator; _RealType = long double]
  operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __urng)
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1813:2: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
montecarlo.cpp:728:54: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
  for(auto rnd = urd(shared_random_engine, urd.param()); rnd >= 0; ++i) {
                                                      ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/7/random:49:0,
                 from selector.h:15,
                 from montecarlo.h:13,
                 from montecarlo.cpp:7:
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1818:2: note: candidate: std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator&, const std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::param_type&) [with _UniformRandomNumberGenerator = std::linear_congruential_engine<long unsigned int, 48271, 0, 2147483647>; _RealType = long double; std::uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type = long double] <near match>
  operator()(_UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __urng,
  ^~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/7/bits/random.h:1818:2: note:   passing ‘const std::uniform_real_distribution<long double>*’ as ‘this’ argument discards qualifiers

有人知道这里有什么问题吗？

Answer 1

std::uniform_real_distrubution::operator()不是常量成员函数，因此不能为常量实例调用：[rand.dist.uni.real]。

---

为什么它适用于Windows？微软的operator()可能是const，IIRC实施允许加强const成员函数规范：http://eel.is/c++draft/member.functions#2。