我如何在Python中拍摄RGB图像并将其转换为黑色或白色?不是灰度,我希望每个像素都是全黑(0,0,0)或全白(255,255,255)。
在流行的Python图像处理库中是否有任何内置功能?如果没有,那么最好的方法就是循环每个像素,如果它接近白色则将其设置为白色,如果它接近黑色则将其设置为黑色?
转换为灰度,然后缩放为白色或黑色(以最接近的为准)。
原版的:
结果:
如果您还没有安装pillow
:
$ pip install pillow
Pillow(或PIL)可以帮助您有效地处理图像。
from PIL import Image
col = Image.open("cat-tied-icon.png")
gray = col.convert('L')
bw = gray.point(lambda x: 0 if x<128 else 255, '1')
bw.save("result_bw.png")
你需要安装numpy:
$ pip install numpy
Numpy需要一个数组的副本来操作,但结果是一样的。
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
col = Image.open("cat-tied-icon.png")
gray = col.convert('L')
# Let numpy do the heavy lifting for converting pixels to pure black or white
bw = np.asarray(gray).copy()
# Pixel range is 0...255, 256/2 = 128
bw[bw < 128] = 0 # Black
bw[bw >= 128] = 255 # White
# Now we put it back in Pillow/PIL land
imfile = Image.fromarray(bw)
imfile.save("result_bw.png")
使用pillow,您可以将其直接转换为黑白。看起来它有灰色阴影,但你的大脑却在欺骗你! (黑色和白色彼此看起来像灰色)
from PIL import Image
image_file = Image.open("cat-tied-icon.png") # open colour image
image_file = image_file.convert('1') # convert image to black and white
image_file.save('/tmp/result.png')
原版的:
转化:
from PIL import Image
image_file = Image.open("cat-tied-icon.png") # open color image
image_file = image_file.convert('1', dither=Image.NONE) # convert image to black and white
image_file.save('/tmp/result.png')
我建议转换为灰度,然后简单地应用一个阈值(中途,或平均或meadian,如果你这样选择)。
from PIL import Image
col = Image.open('myimage.jpg')
gry = col.convert('L')
grarray = np.asarray(gry)
bw = (grarray > grarray.mean())*255
imshow(bw)
img_rgb = cv2.imread('image.jpg')
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img_rgb, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
(threshi, img_bw) = cv2.threshold(img_gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
使用pillow,您可以将其直接转换为黑白。看起来它有灰色阴影,但你的大脑却在欺骗你! (黑色和白色彼此看起来像灰色)
from PIL import Image
image_file = Image.open("cat-tied-icon.png") # open colour image
image_file = image_file.convert('1') # convert image to black and white
image_file.save('/tmp/result.png')
原版的:
转化:
你可以使用colorsys
(在标准库中)将rgb转换为hls并使用亮度值来确定黑/白:
import colorsys
# convert rgb values from 0-255 to %
r = 120/255.0
g = 29/255.0
b = 200/255.0
h, l, s = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(r, g, b)
if l >= .5:
# color is lighter
result_rgb = (255, 255, 255)
elif l < .5:
# color is darker
result_rgb = (0,0,0)
使用opencv您可以轻松地将rgb转换为二进制图像
import cv2
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from skimage import io
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
img = io.imread('http://www.bogotobogo.com/Matlab/images/MATLAB_DEMO_IMAGES/football.jpg')
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
imR=img[:,:,0] #only taking gray channel
print(img.shape)
plt.imshow(imR, cmap=plt.get_cmap('gray'))
#Gray Image
plt.imshow(imR)
plt.title('my picture')
plt.show()
#Histogram Analyze
imgg=imR
hist = cv2.calcHist([imgg],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
plt.hist(imgg.ravel(),256,[0,256])
# show the plotting graph of an image
plt.show()
#Black And White
height,width=imgg.shape
for i in range(0,height):
for j in range(0,width):
if(imgg[i][j]>60):
imgg[i][j]=255
else:
imgg[i][j]=0
plt.imshow(imgg)