我需要在OpenGL ES 2.0中的剪切平面下剪切几百个对象，并且会欣赏那些对这个OpenGL子集更有经验的人的想法。
在OpenGL ES 1.x中有glClipPlane。在桌面上，您在着色器中有glClipPlane或gl_ClipDistance。这两者都不适用于OpenGL ES 2.0。似乎这种功能完全消失了2.0。
似乎唯一的方法是：A）在片段着色器中运行平面方程，或者B）编写一个非常复杂的顶点着色器，如果它们位于平面后面，则将它们定位在平面上。
（a）与glClipPlane相比会很慢，因为在顶点着色器之后和片段着色器之前进行“常规”剪辑，每个片段仍然必须被部分处理和丢弃。
（B）很难在着色器之间进行兼容，因为我们不能丢弃顶点，我们必须将它们与平面对齐，并调整那些“剪切”的属性。如果不在纹理中发送所有顶点并对其进行采样，则无法在着色器中的顶点之间进行插值，这将非常昂贵。通常，无论如何都可能无法正确地插入数据。
我还想过将近平面与剪切平面对齐，这将是一种有效的解决方案。
在渲染整个场景并检查深度失败后绘制平面也不起作用（除非您看起来接近垂直于平面）。
对单个对象起作用的是将平面绘制到深度缓冲区，然后使用glDepthFunc（GL_GREATER）渲染对象，但正如预期的那样，当其中一个对象位于另一个对象后面时，它不起作用。我试图建立在这个概念的基础上，但最终得到了与阴影卷非常类似的东西，同样昂贵。
那我错过了什么？你会如何在OpenGL ES 2.0中进行平面剪裁？
这是我在Vuforia SDK forums上找到的两个解决方案。
uniform mat4 uModelM;
uniform mat4 uViewProjectionM;
attribute vec3 aPosition;
varying vec3 vPosition;
void main() {
vec4 pos = uModelM * vec4(aPosition, 1.0);
gl_Position = uViewProjectionM * pos;
vPosition = pos.xyz / pos.w;
}
precision mediump float;
varying vec3 vPosition;
void main() {
if (vPosition.z < 0.0) {
discard;
} else {
// Choose actual color for rendering..
}
}
glColorMask(false, false, false, false);）
渲染一个与标记形状匹配的四边形（即只是具有相同尺寸和标记位置/方向的四边形）;这只会被渲染到深度缓冲区中（因为我们在上一步中禁用了颜色缓冲区写入）
启用颜色掩码（glColorMask(true, true, true, true);）
渲染您的3D模型由于扩展EXT_clip_cull_distance在OpenGL ES 2.0中不可用（因为此扩展需要OpenGL ES 3.0），因此必须模拟剪切。它可以通过丢弃片段在片段着色器中进行模拟。见Fragment Shader - Special operations。
另见OpenGL ES Shading Language 1.00 Specification; 6.4 Jumps; page 58：
discard关键字仅允许在片段着色器中使用。它可以在片段着色器中使用，以放弃对当前片段的操作。此关键字会导致丢弃该片段，并且不会对任何缓冲区进行更新。它通常用于条件语句中，例如：
if (intensity < 0.0) discard;
模拟gl_ClipDistance的着色器程序可能如下所示：
顶点着色器：
attribute vec3 inPos;
attribute vec3 inCol;
varying vec3 vertCol;
varying float clip_distance;
uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_viewMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelMat44;
uniform vec4 u_clipPlane;
void main()
{
vertCol = inCol;
vec4 modelPos = u_modelMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * u_viewMat44 * viewPos;
clip_distance = dot(modelPos, u_clipPlane);
}
片段着色器：
varying vec3 vertPos;
varying vec3 vertCol;
varying float clip_distance;
void main()
{
if ( clip_distance < 0.0 )
discard;
gl_FragColor = vec4( vertCol.rgb, 1.0 );
}
以下WebGL示例演示了这一点。请注意，WebGL 1.0上下文与OpenGL ES 2.0 API紧密相符。
var readInput = true;
function changeEventHandler(event){
readInput = true;
}
(function loadscene() {
var gl, progDraw, vp_size;
var bufCube = {};
var clip = 0.0;
function render(delteMS){
if ( readInput ) {
readInput = false;
clip = (document.getElementById( "clip" ).value - 50) / 50;
}
Camera.create();
Camera.vp = vp_size;
gl.viewport( 0, 0, vp_size[0], vp_size[1] );
gl.enable( gl.DEPTH_TEST );
gl.clearColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
gl.clear( gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
// set up draw shader
ShaderProgram.Use( progDraw );
ShaderProgram.SetUniformM44( progDraw, "u_projectionMat44", Camera.Perspective() );
ShaderProgram.SetUniformM44( progDraw, "u_viewMat44", Camera.LookAt() );
var modelMat = IdentityMat44()
modelMat = RotateAxis( modelMat, CalcAng( delteMS, 13.0 ), 0 );
modelMat = RotateAxis( modelMat, CalcAng( delteMS, 17.0 ), 1 );
ShaderProgram.SetUniformM44( progDraw, "u_modelMat44", modelMat );
ShaderProgram.SetUniformF4( progDraw, "u_clipPlane", [1.0,-1.0,0.0,clip*1.7321] );
// draw scene
VertexBuffer.Draw( bufCube );
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
function resize() {
//vp_size = [gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight];
vp_size = [window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight]
canvas.width = vp_size[0];
canvas.height = vp_size[1];
}
function initScene() {
canvas = document.getElementById( "canvas");
gl = canvas.getContext( "experimental-webgl" );
//gl = canvas.getContext( "webgl2" );
if ( !gl )
return null;
/*
var ext_frag_depth = gl.getExtension( "EXT_clip_cull_distance" ); // gl_ClipDistance gl_CullDistance
if (!ext_frag_depth)
alert('no gl_ClipDistance and gl_CullDistance support');
*/
progDraw = ShaderProgram.Create(
[ { source : "draw-shader-vs", stage : gl.VERTEX_SHADER },
{ source : "draw-shader-fs", stage : gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER }
] );
if ( !progDraw.progObj )
return null;
progDraw.inPos = ShaderProgram.AttributeIndex( progDraw, "inPos" );
progDraw.inNV = ShaderProgram.AttributeIndex( progDraw, "inNV" );
progDraw.inCol = ShaderProgram.AttributeIndex( progDraw, "inCol" );
// create cube
var cubePos = [
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0 ];
var cubeCol = [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ];
var cubeHlpInx = [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 4, 0, 3, 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 1, 0, 4, 5 ];
var cubePosData = [];
for ( var i = 0; i < cubeHlpInx.length; ++ i ) {
cubePosData.push( cubePos[cubeHlpInx[i]*3], cubePos[cubeHlpInx[i]*3+1], cubePos[cubeHlpInx[i]*3+2] );
}
var cubeNVData = [];
for ( var i1 = 0; i1 < cubeHlpInx.length; i1 += 4 ) {
var nv = [0, 0, 0];
for ( i2 = 0; i2 < 4; ++ i2 ) {
var i = i1 + i2;
nv[0] += cubePosData[i*3]; nv[1] += cubePosData[i*3+1]; nv[2] += cubePosData[i*3+2];
}
for ( i2 = 0; i2 < 4; ++ i2 )
cubeNVData.push( nv[0], nv[1], nv[2] );
}
var cubeColData = [];
for ( var is = 0; is < 6; ++ is ) {
for ( var ip = 0; ip < 4; ++ ip ) {
cubeColData.push( cubeCol[is*3], cubeCol[is*3+1], cubeCol[is*3+2] );
}
}
var cubeInxData = [];
for ( var i = 0; i < cubeHlpInx.length; i += 4 ) {
cubeInxData.push( i, i+1, i+2, i, i+2, i+3 );
}
bufCube = VertexBuffer.Create(
[ { data : cubePosData, attrSize : 3, attrLoc : progDraw.inPos },
{ data : cubeNVData, attrSize : 3, attrLoc : progDraw.inNV },
{ data : cubeColData, attrSize : 3, attrLoc : progDraw.inCol } ],
cubeInxData );
window.onresize = resize;
resize();
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
function Fract( val ) {
return val - Math.trunc( val );
}
function CalcAng( deltaTime, intervall ) {
return Fract( deltaTime / (1000*intervall) ) * 2.0 * Math.PI;
}
function CalcMove( deltaTime, intervall, range ) {
var pos = self.Fract( deltaTime / (1000*intervall) ) * 2.0
var pos = pos < 1.0 ? pos : (2.0-pos)
return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos;
}
function EllipticalPosition( a, b, angRag ) {
var a_b = a * a - b * b
var ea = (a_b <= 0) ? 0 : Math.sqrt( a_b );
var eb = (a_b >= 0) ? 0 : Math.sqrt( -a_b );
return [ a * Math.sin( angRag ) - ea, b * Math.cos( angRag ) - eb, 0 ];
}
glArrayType = typeof Float32Array !="undefined" ? Float32Array : ( typeof WebGLFloatArray != "undefined" ? WebGLFloatArray : Array );
function IdentityMat44() {
var m = new glArrayType(16);
m[0] = 1; m[1] = 0; m[2] = 0; m[3] = 0;
m[4] = 0; m[5] = 1; m[6] = 0; m[7] = 0;
m[8] = 0; m[9] = 0; m[10] = 1; m[11] = 0;
m[12] = 0; m[13] = 0; m[14] = 0; m[15] = 1;
return m;
};
function RotateAxis(matA, angRad, axis) {
var aMap = [ [1, 2], [2, 0], [0, 1] ];
var a0 = aMap[axis][0], a1 = aMap[axis][1];
var sinAng = Math.sin(angRad), cosAng = Math.cos(angRad);
var matB = new glArrayType(16);
for ( var i = 0; i < 16; ++ i ) matB[i] = matA[i];
for ( var i = 0; i < 3; ++ i ) {
matB[a0*4+i] = matA[a0*4+i] * cosAng + matA[a1*4+i] * sinAng;
matB[a1*4+i] = matA[a0*4+i] * -sinAng + matA[a1*4+i] * cosAng;
}
return matB;
}
function Cross( a, b ) { return [ a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1], a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2], a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0], 0.0 ]; }
function Dot( a, b ) { return a[0]*b[0] + a[1]*b[1] + a[2]*b[2]; }
function Normalize( v ) {
var len = Math.sqrt( v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1] + v[2] * v[2] );
return [ v[0] / len, v[1] / len, v[2] / len ];
}
var Camera = {};
Camera.create = function() {
this.pos = [0, 3, 0.0];
this.target = [0, 0, 0];
this.up = [0, 0, 1];
this.fov_y = 90;
this.vp = [800, 600];
this.near = 0.5;
this.far = 100.0;
}
Camera.Perspective = function() {
var fn = this.far + this.near;
var f_n = this.far - this.near;
var r = this.vp[0] / this.vp[1];
var t = 1 / Math.tan( Math.PI * this.fov_y / 360 );
var m = IdentityMat44();
m[0] = t/r; m[1] = 0; m[2] = 0; m[3] = 0;
m[4] = 0; m[5] = t; m[6] = 0; m[7] = 0;
m[8] = 0; m[9] = 0; m[10] = -fn / f_n; m[11] = -1;
m[12] = 0; m[13] = 0; m[14] = -2 * this.far * this.near / f_n; m[15] = 0;
return m;
}
Camera.LookAt = function() {
var mz = Normalize( [ this.pos[0]-this.target[0], this.pos[1]-this.target[1], this.pos[2]-this.target[2] ] );
var mx = Normalize( Cross( this.up, mz ) );
var my = Normalize( Cross( mz, mx ) );
var tx = Dot( mx, this.pos );
var ty = Dot( my, this.pos );
var tz = Dot( [-mz[0], -mz[1], -mz[2]], this.pos );
var m = IdentityMat44();
m[0] = mx[0]; m[1] = my[0]; m[2] = mz[0]; m[3] = 0;
m[4] = mx[1]; m[5] = my[1]; m[6] = mz[1]; m[7] = 0;
m[8] = mx[2]; m[9] = my[2]; m[10] = mz[2]; m[11] = 0;
m[12] = tx; m[13] = ty; m[14] = tz; m[15] = 1;
return m;
}
var ShaderProgram = {};
ShaderProgram.Create = function( shaderList ) {
var shaderObjs = [];
for ( var i_sh = 0; i_sh < shaderList.length; ++ i_sh ) {
var shderObj = this.CompileShader( shaderList[i_sh].source, shaderList[i_sh].stage );
if ( shderObj == 0 )
return 0;
shaderObjs.push( shderObj );
}
var prog = {}
prog.progObj = this.LinkProgram( shaderObjs )
if ( prog.progObj ) {
prog.attribIndex = {};
var noOfAttributes = gl.getProgramParameter( prog.progObj, gl.ACTIVE_ATTRIBUTES );
for ( var i_n = 0; i_n < noOfAttributes; ++ i_n ) {
var name = gl.getActiveAttrib( prog.progObj, i_n ).name;
prog.attribIndex[name] = gl.getAttribLocation( prog.progObj, name );
}
prog.unifomLocation = {};
var noOfUniforms = gl.getProgramParameter( prog.progObj, gl.ACTIVE_UNIFORMS );
for ( var i_n = 0; i_n < noOfUniforms; ++ i_n ) {
var name = gl.getActiveUniform( prog.progObj, i_n ).name;
prog.unifomLocation[name] = gl.getUniformLocation( prog.progObj, name );
}
}
return prog;
}
ShaderProgram.AttributeIndex = function( prog, name ) { return prog.attribIndex[name]; }
ShaderProgram.UniformLocation = function( prog, name ) { return prog.unifomLocation[name]; }
ShaderProgram.Use = function( prog ) { gl.useProgram( prog.progObj ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformI1 = function( prog, name, val ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniform1i( prog.unifomLocation[name], val ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformF1 = function( prog, name, val ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniform1f( prog.unifomLocation[name], val ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformF2 = function( prog, name, arr ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniform2fv( prog.unifomLocation[name], arr ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformF3 = function( prog, name, arr ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniform3fv( prog.unifomLocation[name], arr ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformF4 = function( prog, name, arr ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniform4fv( prog.unifomLocation[name], arr ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformM33 = function( prog, name, mat ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniformMatrix3fv( prog.unifomLocation[name], false, mat ); }
ShaderProgram.SetUniformM44 = function( prog, name, mat ) { if(prog.unifomLocation[name]) gl.uniformMatrix4fv( prog.unifomLocation[name], false, mat ); }
ShaderProgram.CompileShader = function( source, shaderStage ) {
var shaderScript = document.getElementById(source);
if (shaderScript)
source = shaderScript.text;
var shaderObj = gl.createShader( shaderStage );
gl.shaderSource( shaderObj, source );
gl.compileShader( shaderObj );
var status = gl.getShaderParameter( shaderObj, gl.COMPILE_STATUS );
if ( !status ) alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(shaderObj));
return status ? shaderObj : null;
}
ShaderProgram.LinkProgram = function( shaderObjs ) {
var prog = gl.createProgram();
for ( var i_sh = 0; i_sh < shaderObjs.length; ++ i_sh )
gl.attachShader( prog, shaderObjs[i_sh] );
gl.linkProgram( prog );
status = gl.getProgramParameter( prog, gl.LINK_STATUS );
if ( !status ) alert("Could not initialise shaders");
gl.useProgram( null );
return status ? prog : null;
}
var VertexBuffer = {};
VertexBuffer.Create = function( attributes, indices ) {
var buffer = {};
buffer.buf = [];
buffer.attr = []
for ( var i = 0; i < attributes.length; ++ i ) {
buffer.buf.push( gl.createBuffer() );
buffer.attr.push( { size : attributes[i].attrSize, loc : attributes[i].attrLoc } );
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer.buf[i] );
gl.bufferData( gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array( attributes[i].data ), gl.STATIC_DRAW );
}
buffer.inx = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer.inx );
gl.bufferData( gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array( indices ), gl.STATIC_DRAW );
buffer.inxLen = indices.length;
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, null );
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, null );
return buffer;
}
VertexBuffer.Draw = function( bufObj ) {
for ( var i = 0; i < bufObj.buf.length; ++ i ) {
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, bufObj.buf[i] );
gl.vertexAttribPointer( bufObj.attr[i].loc, bufObj.attr[i].size, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0 );
gl.enableVertexAttribArray( bufObj.attr[i].loc );
}
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufObj.inx );
gl.drawElements( gl.TRIANGLES, bufObj.inxLen, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0 );
for ( var i = 0; i < bufObj.buf.length; ++ i )
gl.disableVertexAttribArray( bufObj.attr[i].loc );
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, null );
gl.bindBuffer( gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, null );
}
initScene();
})();html,body {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
#gui {
position : absolute;
top : 0;
left : 0;
}<script id="draw-shader-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
precision highp float;
attribute vec3 inPos;
attribute vec3 inNV;
attribute vec3 inCol;
varying vec3 vertPos;
varying vec3 vertNV;
varying vec3 vertCol;
varying float clip_distance;
uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_viewMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelMat44;
uniform vec4 u_clipPlane;
void main()
{
mat4 mv = u_viewMat44 * u_modelMat44;
vertCol = inCol;
vertNV = normalize(mat3(mv) * inNV);
vec4 viewPos = mv * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
vertPos = viewPos.xyz;
gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
vec4 modelPos = u_modelMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
vec4 clipPlane = vec4(normalize(u_clipPlane.xyz), u_clipPlane.w);
clip_distance = dot(modelPos, clipPlane);
}
</script>
<script id="draw-shader-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
precision mediump float;
varying vec3 vertPos;
varying vec3 vertNV;
varying vec3 vertCol;
varying float clip_distance;
void main()
{
if ( clip_distance < 0.0 )
discard;
vec3 color = vertCol;
gl_FragColor = vec4( color.rgb, 1.0 );
}
</script>
<div>
<form id="gui" name="inputs">
<table>
<tr> <td> <font color= #CCF>clipping</font> </td>
<td> <input type="range" id="clip" min="0" max="100" value="50" onchange="changeEventHandler(event);"/></td> </tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
<canvas id="canvas" style="border: none;" width="100%" height="100%"></canvas>我不知道这是否适用于OpenGL ES，但OpenGL具有glEnable（GL_CLIP_DISTANCE0）启用的gl_ClipDistance变化输出。启用后，将剪切基元，使顶点和几何着色器后的gl_ClipDistance [0]> = 0。
剪辑距离可以指定为具有世界空间平面方程的点积：