Python 3:将向量乘以矩阵,无需 NumPy

问题描述 投票:0回答:7

我对 Python 相当陌生,正在尝试创建一个函数来将向量乘以矩阵(任何列大小)。 例如:

multiply([1,0,0,1,0,0], [[0,1],[1,1],[1,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1]])

[1, 1]

这是我的代码:

def multiply(v, G):
    result = []
    total = 0
    for i in range(len(G)):
        r = G[i]
        for j in range(len(v)):
            total += r[j] * v[j]
        result.append(total)
    return result  

问题是,当我尝试选择矩阵 (r[j]) 中每列的第一行时,会显示错误“列表索引超出范围”。有没有其他方法可以在不使用 NumPy 的情况下完成乘法?

python python-3.x numpy matrix vector
7个回答
10
投票

Numpythonic 方法:(使用

numpy.dot
以获得两个矩阵的点积)

In [1]: import numpy as np

In [3]: np.dot([1,0,0,1,0,0], [[0,1],[1,1],[1,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1]])
Out[3]: array([1, 1])

Pythonic 方法:

第二个

for
循环的长度是
len(v)
并且您尝试基于此对
v
进行索引,因此您得到了索引 Error 。作为一种更Pythonic的方式,您可以使用
zip
函数来获取列表的列,然后在列表理解中使用
starmap
mul

In [13]: first,second=[1,0,0,1,0,0], [[0,1],[1,1],[1,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1]]

In [14]: from itertools import starmap

In [15]: from operator import mul

In [16]: [sum(starmap(mul, zip(first, col))) for col in zip(*second)]
Out[16]: [1, 1]

4
投票

我认为您的代码的问题在于您循环遍历矩阵的行而不是列。此外,在每个向量*矩阵列计算后,您不会重置“总计”变量。这就是你想要的:

def multiply(v, G):
    result = []
    for i in range(len(G[0])): #this loops through columns of the matrix
        total = 0
        for j in range(len(v)): #this loops through vector coordinates & rows of matrix
            total += v[j] * G[j][i]
        result.append(total)
    return result

3
投票

我已附上矩阵乘法的代码,请遵循一维乘法的示例格式(列表的列表)

def MM(a,b):
c = []
for i in range(0,len(a)):
    temp=[]
    for j in range(0,len(b[0])):
        s = 0
        for k in range(0,len(a[0])):
            s += a[i][k]*b[k][j]
        temp.append(s)
    c.append(temp)

return c
a=[[1,2]]
b=[[1],[2]]
print(MM(a,b))

结果是[[5]]


2
投票

r
G
中的一个元素,因此它是一行,只有两个元素。这意味着您无法使用索引
j
r
获取值,因为
j
从 0 到
v
的长度(在您的示例中为 6)。


2
投票

我需要第一个矩阵可以是二维的解决方案。将 @Kasramvd 的解决方案扩展为接受二维

first
矩阵。贴在这里供参考:

>>> first,second=[[1,0,0,1,0,0],[0,1,1,1,0,0]], [[0,1],[1,1],[1,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1]]
>>> from itertools import starmap
>>> from operator import mul
>>> [[sum(starmap(mul, zip(row, col))) for col in zip(*second)] for row in first]
[[1, 1], [3, 1]]

2
投票
# check matrices
A = [[1,2],[3,4]]
B = [[1,4],[5,6],[7,8],[9,6]]

def custom_mm(A,B):    
    if len(A[0]) == len(B): # condition to check if matrix multiplication is valid or not. Making sure matrix is nXm and mXy
        result = [] # final matrix
        for i in range(0,len(A)): # loop through each row of first matrix
            temp = [] # temporary list to hold output of each row of the output matrix where number of elements will be column of second matrix
            for j in range(0,len(B[0])): # loop through each column of second matrix
                total = 0 
                l = 0 # dummy index to switch row of second matrix 
                for k in range(0,len(A[0])):
                    total += A[i][k]*B[l][j]
                    l = l+1
                temp.append(total)
            result.append(temp)                
        return result
    else:
        return (print("not possible"))

print(custom_mm(A,B))

0
投票

有一个代码可以帮助你将两个矩阵相乘:

A=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
B=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
matrix=[]

def multiplicationLineColumn(line,column):
    try:
        sizeLine=len(line)
        sizeColumn=len(column)
        if(sizeLine!=sizeColumn):
            raise ValueError("Exception")
        res = sum([line[i] * column[i] for i in range(sizeLine)])
        return res
    except ValueError:
        print("sould have the same len line & column")

def  getColumn(matrix,numColumn):
    size=len(matrix)
    column= [matrix[i][numColumn] for i in range(size)]
    return column

def getLine(matrix,numLine):
    line = matrix[numLine]
    return line

for i in range(len(A)):
    matrix.append([])
    for j in range(len(B)):
        matrix[i].append(multiplicationLineColumn(getLine(A,i),getColumn(B,j)))

print(matrix)
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