我正在用pgf写一些形状,我并不是真的知道所有的东西是如何工作的,但我设法通过文档。
\pgfdeclareshape{reg}{
% The 'minimum width' and 'minimum height' keys, not the content, determine
% the size
\savedanchor\northeast{%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
\pgf@x=0.11\pgf@x
\pgf@y=0.15\pgf@y
}
% This is redundant, but makes some things easier:
\savedanchor\southwest{%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
\pgf@x=-0.11\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-0.15\pgf@y
}
% Inherit from rectangle
\inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
% Define same anchor a normal rectangle has
\anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}
\anchor{north}{\northeast \pgf@x=0pt}
\anchor{east}{\northeast \pgf@y=0pt}
\anchor{south}{\southwest \pgf@x=0pt}
\anchor{west}{\southwest \pgf@y=0pt}
\anchor{north east}{\northeast}
\anchor{north west}{\northeast \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
\anchor{south west}{\southwest}
\anchor{south east}{\southwest \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
\anchor{text}{
\pgfpointorigin
\advance\pgf@x by -.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox%
\advance\pgf@y by -.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox%
\advance\pgf@y by +.5\dp\pgfnodeparttextbox%
}
% Define anchors for signal ports
\anchor{CLK}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=0\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=1\pgf@y%
}
\anchor{PC}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=-2.5\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
}
\anchor{PCS}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=2.5\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
}
% Draw the rectangle box and the port labels
\backgroundpath{
% Rectangle box
\pgfpathrectanglecorners{\southwest}{\northeast}
% Drawing Triangle for clock input
% upper left x
\southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\northeast \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
\pgf@xc=\pgf@x \pgf@yc=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.3ex}
\advance\pgf@xa by .15mm
\advance\pgf@xb by -.15mm
\advance\pgf@yc by -\pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xc}{\pgf@yc}}
\pgfclosepath
\tikzset{flip flop/port labels} % Use font from this style
\tikz@textfont
%Drawing CLK circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
\pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.8ex}
\advance\pgf@yb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
%Draw clock label
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{2.5ex}{CLK}}
%Drawing PC circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@PC
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@west
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x
%\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.7ex}
%\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgf@anchor@reg@PC\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x+0.5ex}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC}}
%Drawing PC' circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@PCS
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y\pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@east
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x
%\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.5ex}
%\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgf@anchor@reg@PCS\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC'}}
}
}
在这里,我创建了一个形状,在外面有一些连接点,它实际上工作得很好。但我真的想在创建这个形状时有一个参数,这样我就可以指定端口的数量。
例如,像这样
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [reg,black!50,ports=3] (PC) at (0,0) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
但我在文档中找不到允许自定义参数的内容。另外,我想给锚命名为A1,A2和A3,但我似乎不能在名字中添加数字,即使在文档中明确说像 "1 "和":: "这样的名字应该是没有问题的,但 "A1 "仍然是。
如果有人有任何想法,如何做到这一点,我很感激的帮助。也许还有一些更好的用pgf创建图形的参考资料。
对于编辑tex文件,我使用Overleaf和pdflatex。
编辑:我现在发现你可以用 \pgfkeys
添加参数到形状中,但它们似乎不正确,我真的不知道该怎么做。
\def\microarchbasekey{/tikz/microarch}
\pgfkeys{\microarchbasekey/.is family}
\pgfdeclareshape{mux}{
\pgfkeys{\microarchbasekey,inputs/.initial=2,spacing/.initial=5}
\savedmacro{\numpins}{
\def\numpins{\pgfkeysvalueof{\microarchbasekey/inputs}}
}
\saveddimen{\spacing}{
\pgf@x = \pgfkeysvalueof{\microarchbasekey/spacing}
}
%a lot of code down there
}
但它给我以下错误
A number should have been here; I inserted `0'.
(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number,
look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
但我找不到缺少的那部分代码。
也许这个问题更适合在这里讨论。TeXLaTeX网站但无论如何...
关键的事情是以下几点。
为参数添加键。要注意层次结构。node
下的钥匙。/tikz
家族。
%
% better to create a family, but as an example...
\tikzset{flip flop/port labels/.initial={\tiny}}
%
% number of ports
\tikzset{ports/.initial=4}
%
% we need a counter
\newcount\tmp@a
添加稳定的(链接到特定节点而非通用形状)参数,所有这些参数都是计算锚点位置所需要的。
% you have to save the relevant parameters as \savedmacro
\savedmacro\numports{
\edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
}
% and \saveddimen
\saveddimen\pinsdelta{
% you can't use savedmacros nor savedanchors here (bummer!)
\edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{0.22*\pgfshapeminheight/(\numports+1)}%
}
在形状定义中,你必须用一个技巧来添加锚点 --- 锚点必须被添加到形状的内部函数中。这很危险,因为开发者可以在将来改变它(已经发生过了),但我不知道有什么其他方法。
% create input anchors
% this touch internal things, so beware...
% anchors are named pgf@anchor@<name-of-the-shape>@<name of the anchors>
\pgfutil@g@addto@macro\pgf@sh@s@reg{%
\tmp@a=\numports\relax
\pgfmathloop%
\ifnum\pgfmathcounter>\tmp@a%
\else%
% assign the anchor "in \pgfmathcounter" to the macro \reg@port with the number as argument
\expandafter\xdef\csname pgf@anchor@reg@in \pgfmathcounter\endcsname{%
\noexpand\reg@port{\pgfmathcounter}% defined below
}%
% \typeout{YAY\space\pgfmathcounter}
\repeatpgfmathloop%
}
定义计算变量锚的具体函数。你必须只使用 \saved...
样的参数,否则,你的锚点将使用参数的最后一个值,而不是用节点指定的正确值。
\def\reg@port#1{%
% this macro has the function to return the position of the anchor
% it must use only \savedanchors and \savedmacros
% the parameter is the number of the anchor (see above)
\northeast
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength{\pgf@y}{\pgf@ya-(#1+0.5)*\pinsdelta}%
}
现在,我不明白你到底是如何画出你的形状的,所以锚点并不完全在它们应该去的地方,但好吧。
我的完整代码在这里
\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\makeatletter
%
% better to create a family, but as an example...
\tikzset{flip flop/port labels/.initial={\tiny}}
%
% number of ports
\tikzset{ports/.initial=4}
%
% we need a counter
\newcount\tmp@a
\pgfdeclareshape{reg}{
% you have to save the relevant parameters as \savedmacro
\savedmacro\numports{
\edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
}
% and \saveddimen
\saveddimen\pinsdelta{
% you can't use savedmacros nor savedanchors here (bummer!)
\edef\numports{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/ports}}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{0.22*\pgfshapeminheight/(\numports+1)}%
}
% The 'minimum width' and 'minimum height' keys, not the content, determine
% the size
\savedanchor\northeast{%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
\pgf@x=0.11\pgf@x
\pgf@y=0.15\pgf@y
}
% This is redundant, but makes some things easier:
\savedanchor\southwest{%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@y{\pgfshapeminheight}%
\pgf@x=-0.11\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-0.15\pgf@y
}
% Inherit from rectangle
\inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
% Define same anchor a normal rectangle has
\anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}
\anchor{north}{\northeast \pgf@x=0pt}
\anchor{east}{\northeast \pgf@y=0pt}
\anchor{south}{\southwest \pgf@x=0pt}
\anchor{west}{\southwest \pgf@y=0pt}
\anchor{north east}{\northeast}
\anchor{north west}{\northeast \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
\anchor{south west}{\southwest}
\anchor{south east}{\southwest \pgf@x=-\pgf@x}
\anchor{text}{
\pgfpointorigin
\advance\pgf@x by -.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox%
\advance\pgf@y by -.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox%
\advance\pgf@y by +.5\dp\pgfnodeparttextbox%
}
% Define anchors for signal ports
\anchor{CLK}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=0\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=1\pgf@y%
}
\anchor{PC}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=-2.5\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
}
\anchor{PCS}{
\pgf@process{\northeast}%
\pgf@x=2.5\pgf@x%
\pgf@y=0\pgf@y%
}
% Draw the rectangle box and the port labels
\backgroundpath{
% Rectangle box
\pgfpathrectanglecorners{\southwest}{\northeast}
% Drawing Triangle for clock input
% upper left x
\southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\northeast \pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xb=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
\pgf@xc=\pgf@x \pgf@yc=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.3ex}
\advance\pgf@xa by .15mm
\advance\pgf@xb by -.15mm
\advance\pgf@yc by -\pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xc}{\pgf@yc}}
\pgfclosepath
\tikzset{flip flop/port labels} % Use font from this style
\tikz@textfont
%Drawing CLK circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK
\pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{1.8ex}
\advance\pgf@yb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
%Draw clock label
\pgf@anchor@reg@CLK\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{2.5ex}{CLK}}
%Drawing PC circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@PC
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y \pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@west
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x
%\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.7ex}
%\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgf@anchor@reg@PC\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x+0.5ex}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC}}
%Drawing PC' circuit
\pgf@anchor@reg@PCS
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y \pgf@yb=\pgf@y\pgf@xa=\pgf@x
\pgf@anchor@reg@east
\pgf@xb=\pgf@x
%\pgfmathsetlength\pgf@x{2.5ex}
%\advance\pgf@xb by \pgf@x
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
\pgf@anchor@reg@PCS\pgftext[base,at={\pgfpoint{\pgf@x}{\pgf@y}}]{\raisebox{.5ex}{PC'}}
}
% create input anchors
% this touch internal things, so beware...
% anchors are named pgf@anchor@<name-of-the-shape>@<name of the anchors>
\pgfutil@g@addto@macro\pgf@sh@s@reg{%
\tmp@a=\numports\relax
\pgfmathloop%
\ifnum\pgfmathcounter>\tmp@a%
\else%
% assign the anchor "in \pgfmathcounter" to the macro \reg@port with the number as argument
\expandafter\xdef\csname pgf@anchor@reg@in \pgfmathcounter\endcsname{%
\noexpand\reg@port{\pgfmathcounter}% defined below
}%
% \typeout{YAY\space\pgfmathcounter}
\repeatpgfmathloop%
}
}
%
\def\reg@port#1{%
% this macro has the function to return the position of the anchor
% it must use only \savedanchors and \savedmacros
% the parameter is the number of the anchor (see above)
\northeast
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y
\pgfmathsetlength{\pgf@y}{\pgf@ya-(#1+0.5)*\pinsdelta}%
}
\makeatother
%%% handy macro to show the anchors
\def\showcoord(#1)<#2:#3>{%
node[circle, red, draw, inner sep=1pt,pin={%
[red, inner sep=0.5pt, font=\small,
pin distance=#3cm, pin edge={red, }%
]#2:#1}](#1){}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [draw,reg,minimum width=3cm, minimum height=3cm, black!50] (PC1) at (0,0) {};
\path (PC1.north west) \showcoord(NW)<45:0.2>;
\node [draw, reg,black!50,minimum width=3cm, minimum height=5cm, ports=6, blue] (PC2) at (3,0) {};
\foreach \p in {1,...,4} \path(PC1.in \p) \showcoord(in \p)<145:0.3>;
\foreach \p in {1,...,6} \path(PC2.in \p) \showcoord(in \p)<145:0.3>;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}