我有一个星形图像,比方说15 x 15像素。星光可以建模为3D高斯,这正是我想要做的。
我正在使用的函数是f(x,y)= A·exp( - [(x-xc)^ 2 /2σ^ 2 +(y-yc)^ 2 /2σ^ 2])其中:
我实施的算法是Levenberg-Marquardt。
我陷入了下面的困难,在L-M算法中 - 在每次迭代时 - 我需要计算一个矢量,我的样本和f(x,y)之间存在差异。
如果我使用像素位置(行,列)计算高斯f(x,y)为(x,y),当然除了xc和yc之外,它将在任何地方为0。哪个不对。
我正在考虑进行归一化,让x和y在0和1之间变化(当然也正常化xc和yc)。
这可能是一个好方法吗?
谢谢。干杯
下面是一个示例图形3D曲面拟合器,它使用了curve_fit()中Levenverg-Marquardt的scipy实现,这个示例应该很容易适应您的需要。
import numpy, scipy, scipy.optimize
import matplotlib
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm # to colormap 3D surfaces from blue to red
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
graphWidth = 800 # units are pixels
graphHeight = 600 # units are pixels
def func(data, a, b, c):
X = data[0]
Y = data[1]
return a*X + b*Y + c
def SurfacePlot(func, data, fittedParameters):
f = plt.figure(figsize=(graphWidth/100.0, graphHeight/100.0), dpi=100)
matplotlib.pyplot.grid(True)
axes = Axes3D(f)
x_data = data[0]
y_data = data[1]
z_data = data[2]
xModel = numpy.linspace(min(x_data), max(x_data), 20)
yModel = numpy.linspace(min(y_data), max(y_data), 20)
X, Y = numpy.meshgrid(xModel, yModel)
Z = func(numpy.array([X, Y]), *fittedParameters)
axes.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm, linewidth=1, antialiased=True)
axes.scatter(x_data, y_data, z_data) # show data along with plotted surface
axes.set_title('Surface Plot (click-drag with mouse)') # add a title for surface plot
axes.set_xlabel('X Data') # X axis data label
axes.set_ylabel('Y Data') # Y axis data label
axes.set_zlabel('Z Data') # Z axis data label
plt.show()
plt.close('all') # clean up after using pyplot or else thaere can be memory and process problems
def ScatterPlot(data):
f = plt.figure(figsize=(graphWidth/100.0, graphHeight/100.0), dpi=100)
matplotlib.pyplot.grid(True)
axes = Axes3D(f)
x_data = data[0]
y_data = data[1]
z_data = data[2]
axes.scatter(x_data, y_data, z_data)
axes.set_title('Scatter Plot (click-drag with mouse)')
axes.set_xlabel('X Data')
axes.set_ylabel('Y Data')
axes.set_zlabel('Z Data')
plt.show()
plt.close('all') # clean up after using pyplot or else thaere can be memory and process problems
if __name__ == "__main__":
xData = numpy.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0])
yData = numpy.array([11.0, 12.1, 13.0, 14.1, 15.0, 16.1, 17.0, 18.1, 90.0])
zData = numpy.array([1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.0, 9.9])
data = [xData, yData, zData]
initialParameters = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] # these are the same as scipy default values in this example
# here a non-linear surface fit is made with scipy's curve_fit()
fittedParameters, pcov = scipy.optimize.curve_fit(func, [xData, yData], zData, p0 = initialParameters)
ScatterPlot(data)
SurfacePlot(func, data, fittedParameters)
print('fitted prameters', fittedParameters)
modelPredictions = func(data, *fittedParameters)
absError = modelPredictions - zData
SE = numpy.square(absError) # squared errors
MSE = numpy.mean(SE) # mean squared errors
RMSE = numpy.sqrt(MSE) # Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE
Rsquared = 1.0 - (numpy.var(absError) / numpy.var(zData))
print('RMSE:', RMSE)
print('R-squared:', Rsquared)