Visual Studio 调试器对于调试我的 OpenGL 代码有用吗？
问题描述 投票：0回答：1
是否可以使用 Visual Studio 调试器来调试我的 GLFW/OpenGL 代码？我在 glDrawElements() 调用上遇到异常，它提供了无用的信息。显然我没有正确设置，但是在库调用中发生错误，我如何找出我做错了什么？有没有办法利用 GLFW 源的可用性？我只是按照 GLFW 指示的方式设置了 VS 项目。
该代码是 learnopengl.com 第一个示例的修改版本，因此非常简单。我正在尝试将第一个三角形的绘制从 VBO/VAO 缓冲区转换为使用 EBO 缓冲区。
我评论了在底部附近的 RenderAll() 中引发此问题的行。
Exception thrown at 0x00007FFC6A0F4A03 (nvoglv64.dll) in GLFW3TestProj.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x0000000000000000.
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
typedef struct {
GLFWwindow* window;
unsigned int shaderProgram1;
unsigned int shaderProgram2;
unsigned int VBO[2];
unsigned int VAO[2];
unsigned int EBO[2];
} T_RenderContext;
void RenderAll();
T_RenderContext renderContext;
int main()
{
// glfw: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
renderContext.window = glfwCreateWindow(1250, 1000, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
if (renderContext.window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(renderContext.window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(renderContext.window, framebuffer_size_callback);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// build and compile our shader program
// ------------------------------------
// vertex shader
const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
"}\0";
unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertexShader);
// check for shader compile errors
int success;
char infoLog[512];
glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// fragment shader 1
const char* fragmentShaderSource1 = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(0.937f, 0.608f, 0.0f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
unsigned int fragmentShader1 = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragmentShader1, 1, &fragmentShaderSource1, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShader1);
// check for shader compile errors
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader1, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader1, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT1::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// fragment shader 2
const char* fragmentShaderSource2 = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(0.937f, 0.0f, 0.608f, 1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
unsigned int fragmentShader2 = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragmentShader2, 1, &fragmentShaderSource2, NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShader2);
// check for shader compile errors
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader2, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader2, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT2::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// link shaders
renderContext.shaderProgram1 = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(renderContext.shaderProgram1, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(renderContext.shaderProgram1, fragmentShader1);
glLinkProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram1);
renderContext.shaderProgram2 = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(renderContext.shaderProgram2, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(renderContext.shaderProgram2, fragmentShader2);
glLinkProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram2);
// check for linking errors
glGetProgramiv(renderContext.shaderProgram1, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if (!success) {
glGetProgramInfoLog(renderContext.shaderProgram1, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM1::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
glGetProgramiv(renderContext.shaderProgram2, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if (!success) {
glGetProgramInfoLog(renderContext.shaderProgram2, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM2::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader1);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader2);
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct S_Triplet {
float x; float y; float z;
} T_Triplet;
T_Triplet triangle1[3];
triangle1[0] = { -0.5F, 0.1F, 0.0F };
triangle1[1] = { 0.5F, 0.2F, 0.0F };
triangle1[2] = { 0.0F, 0.866F, 0.0F };
T_Triplet triangle2[3];
triangle2[0] = { -0.5F, -0.2F, 0.0F };
triangle2[1] = { 0.5F, -0.1F, 0.0F };
triangle2[2] = { 0.0F, -0.866F, 0.0F };
unsigned int indices1[] = { 0, 1, 2 };
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
unsigned int indices2[] = { 0, 1, 2 };
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices2), indices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenVertexArrays(2, renderContext.VAO);
glGenBuffers(2, renderContext.VBO);
glGenVertexArrays(2, renderContext.VAO); // we can also generate multiple VAOs or buffers at the same time
// first triangle setup
// --------------------
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[0]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.VBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(triangle1), triangle1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); // Vertex attributes stay the same
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // no need to unbind at all as we directly bind a different VAO the next few lines
// second triangle setup
// ---------------------
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[1]); // note that we bind to a different VAO now
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.VBO[1]); // and a different VBO
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(triangle2), triangle2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices2), indices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0); // because the vertex data is tightly packed we can also specify 0 as the vertex attribute's stride to let OpenGL figure it out
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // not really necessary as well, but beware of calls that could affect VAOs while this one is bound (like binding element buffer objects, or enabling/disabling vertex attributes)
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(renderContext.window))
{
RenderAll();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, renderContext.VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, renderContext.VBO);
glDeleteProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram1);
glDeleteProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram2);
// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// Render all
void RenderAll() {
// input
// -----
processInput(renderContext.window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.08f, 0.08f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// now when we draw the triangle we first use the vertex and orange fragment shader from the first program
glUseProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram1);
// draw the first triangle using the data from our first VAO
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[0]);
///////////glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output an orange triangle
//** THROWS EXCEPTION ** Exception thrown at 0x00007FFC6A0F4A03 (nvoglv64.dll) in GLFW3TestProj.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x0000000000000000.
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
// then we draw the second triangle using the data from the second VAO
// when we draw the second triangle we want to use a different shader program so we switch to the shader program with our magenta fragment shader.
glUseProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram2);
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[1]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a magenta triangle
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(renderContext.window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
RenderAll();
}
1个回答
0
投票
投票
一些事情：
-
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GLFW_TRUE); ... if(GLFW_TRUE == glfwGetWindowAttrib(renderContext.window, GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT)) { glEnable( GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS ); glDebugMessageControl( GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, 0, NULL, GL_TRUE ); glDebugMessageCallback( []( GLenum, GLenum, GLuint, GLenum, GLsizei, const GLchar* message, const void* ) { std::cerr << "GL: " << message << std::endl; }, 0 ); }...显示四个
调用抛出glBufferData()
：GL_INVALID_OPERATIONGL: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound) GL: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound) GL: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound) GL: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound) Segmentation fault (core dumped)将
添加到调试回调并在 GDB 下运行会显示第一个有问题的调用：std::terminate()$ DEBUGINFOD_URLS="https://debuginfod.debian.net" gdb ./main GNU gdb (Debian 13.1-3) 13.1 Reading symbols from ./main... (gdb) r Starting program: /tmp/q/main [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1". [New Thread 0x7fffe9e006c0 (LWP 70907)] [New Thread 0x7fffe94006c0 (LWP 70908)] [New Thread 0x7fffe8a006c0 (LWP 70909)] [New Thread 0x7fffe3e006c0 (LWP 70910)] [New Thread 0x7fffe32006c0 (LWP 70911)] [New Thread 0x7fffe26006c0 (LWP 70912)] GL: GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound) terminate called without an active exception Thread 1 "main" received signal SIGABRT, Aborted. __pthread_kill_implementation (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=signo@entry=6, no_tid=no_tid@entry=0) at ./nptl/pthread_kill.c:44 Download failed: Invalid argument. Continuing without source file ./nptl/./nptl/pthread_kill.c. 44 ./nptl/pthread_kill.c: No such file or directory. (gdb) bt #0 __pthread_kill_implementation (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=signo@entry=6, no_tid=no_tid@entry=0) at ./nptl/pthread_kill.c:44 #1 0x00007ffff7aa9f1f in __pthread_kill_internal (signo=6, threadid=<optimized out>) at ./nptl/pthread_kill.c:78 #2 0x00007ffff7a5afb2 in __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/posix/raise.c:26 #3 0x00007ffff7a45472 in __GI_abort () at ./stdlib/abort.c:79 #4 0x00007ffff7c9d919 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler () at ../../../../src/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/vterminate.cc:95 #5 0x00007ffff7ca8e1a in __cxxabiv1::__terminate (handler=<optimized out>) at ../../../../src/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_terminate.cc:48 #6 0x00007ffff7ca8e85 in std::terminate () at ../../../../src/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_terminate.cc:58 #7 0x0000555555555523 in operator() (__closure=0x0, message=0x7fffffffcaf0 "GL_INVALID_OPERATION in glBufferData(no buffer bound)") at main.cpp:110 #8 0x0000555555555566 in _FUN () at main.cpp:111 #9 0x00007ffff4a6f6fa in _mesa_error (ctx=0x5555557ea270, error=1282, fmtString=<optimized out>) at ../src/mesa/main/errors.c:366 #10 0x0000555555555907 in main () at main.cpp:150 (gdb) frame 10 #10 0x0000555555555907 in main () at main.cpp:150 150 glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW); (gdb) l 145 146 //glGenBuffers(2, renderContext.EBO); 147 148 unsigned int indices1[] = { 0, 1, 2 }; 149 glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[0]); 150 glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 151 unsigned int indices2[] = { 0, 1, 2 }; 152 glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[1]); 153 glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices2), indices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW); 154 (gdb) 正如@rafix07指出的，您正在尝试绑定
，而无需先为其生成缓冲区。renderContext.EBO使用
填充glGenBuffers()
:renderContext.EBOglGenBuffers(2, renderContext.EBO);原始字符串文字使内联GLSL更具可读性，不需要换行符或过多的引号：
const char* const vert = R"GLSL( #version 330 core layout( location = 0 ) in vec4 position; void main() { gl_Position = position; }; )GLSL";
大家一起：
// g++ -g -o main main.cpp src/glad.c -Iinclude $(pkg-config --cflags --libs glfw3)
// DEBUGINFOD_URLS="https://debuginfod.debian.net" gdb ./main
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
void CheckStatus( GLuint obj, bool isShader )
{
GLint status = GL_FALSE, log[ 1 << 11 ] = { 0 };
( isShader ? glGetShaderiv : glGetProgramiv )( obj, isShader ? GL_COMPILE_STATUS : GL_LINK_STATUS, &status );
if( status == GL_TRUE ) return;
( isShader ? glGetShaderInfoLog : glGetProgramInfoLog )( obj, sizeof( log ), NULL, (GLchar*)log );
std::cerr << (GLchar*)log << "\n";
std::exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
}
void AttachShader( GLuint program, GLenum type, const char* src )
{
GLuint shader = glCreateShader( type );
glShaderSource( shader, 1, &src, NULL );
glCompileShader( shader );
CheckStatus( shader, true );
glAttachShader( program, shader );
glDeleteShader( shader );
}
const char* const vert = R"GLSL(
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
void main()
{
gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);
}
)GLSL";
const char* const frag1 = R"GLSL(
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
void main()
{
FragColor = vec4(0.937f, 0.608f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
)GLSL";
const char* const frag2 = R"GLSL(
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
void main()
{
FragColor = vec4(0.937f, 0.0f, 0.608f, 1.0f);
}
)GLSL";
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
typedef struct {
GLFWwindow* window;
unsigned int shaderProgram1;
unsigned int shaderProgram2;
unsigned int VBO[2];
unsigned int VAO[2];
unsigned int EBO[2];
} T_RenderContext;
void RenderAll();
T_RenderContext renderContext;
int main()
{
glfwSetErrorCallback( []( int, const char* desc ) { std::cerr << desc << "\n"; std::exit( EXIT_FAILURE ); } );
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GLFW_TRUE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
renderContext.window = glfwCreateWindow(1250, 1000, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
if (renderContext.window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(renderContext.window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(renderContext.window, framebuffer_size_callback);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
if(GLFW_TRUE == glfwGetWindowAttrib(renderContext.window, GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT)) {
glEnable( GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS );
glDebugMessageControl( GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, GL_DONT_CARE, 0, NULL, GL_TRUE );
glDebugMessageCallback( []( GLenum, GLenum, GLuint, GLenum, GLsizei, const GLchar* message, const void* )
{
std::cerr << "GL: " << message << std::endl;
}, 0 );
}
GLuint prog;
prog = glCreateProgram();
AttachShader( prog, GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vert );
AttachShader( prog, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, frag1 );
glLinkProgram( prog );
CheckStatus( prog, false );
renderContext.shaderProgram1 = prog;
prog = glCreateProgram();
AttachShader( prog, GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vert );
AttachShader( prog, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, frag2 );
glLinkProgram( prog );
CheckStatus( prog, false );
renderContext.shaderProgram2 = prog;
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct S_Triplet {
float x; float y; float z;
} T_Triplet;
T_Triplet triangle1[3];
triangle1[0] = { -0.5F, 0.1F, 0.0F };
triangle1[1] = { 0.5F, 0.2F, 0.0F };
triangle1[2] = { 0.0F, 0.866F, 0.0F };
T_Triplet triangle2[3];
triangle2[0] = { -0.5F, -0.2F, 0.0F };
triangle2[1] = { 0.5F, -0.1F, 0.0F };
triangle2[2] = { 0.0F, -0.866F, 0.0F };
glGenBuffers(2, renderContext.EBO);
unsigned int indices1[] = { 0, 1, 2 };
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
unsigned int indices2[] = { 0, 1, 2 };
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices2), indices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenVertexArrays(2, renderContext.VAO);
glGenBuffers(2, renderContext.VBO);
// first triangle setup
// --------------------
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[0]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.VBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(triangle1), triangle1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[0]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices1), indices1, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// second triangle setup
// ---------------------
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[1]);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.VBO[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(triangle2), triangle2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, renderContext.EBO[1]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices2), indices2, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(renderContext.window))
{
RenderAll();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, renderContext.VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, renderContext.VBO);
glDeleteProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram1);
glDeleteProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram2);
// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// Render all
void RenderAll() {
// input
// -----
processInput(renderContext.window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.08f, 0.08f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// now when we draw the triangle we first use the vertex and orange fragment shader from the first program
glUseProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram1);
// draw the first triangle using the data from our first VAO
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[0]);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
// then we draw the second triangle using the data from the second VAO
// when we draw the second triangle we want to use a different shader program so we switch to the shader program with our magenta fragment shader.
glUseProgram(renderContext.shaderProgram2);
glBindVertexArray(renderContext.VAO[1]);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); // this call should output a magenta triangle
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(renderContext.window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
RenderAll();
}
最新问题
- 分解二维数组中的每个分隔字符串以形成最多 3 层的多维数组
- 为什么我的 React Bootstrap 下拉菜单没有关闭
- 对于大的多头，右移无法正常工作
- 为什么 ASP.NET Core 说我的表单字段是必需的，即使它没有定义为必需？
- 如何将查询结果集保存为数组？
- Visual Studio 代码扩展 - 获取非文本文件的活动选项卡数据
- 如何从具有两组分隔符的字符串创建索引数组的数组[重复]
- 将带有表示分隔键路径的键的平面关联数组解析为多维关联数组
- False 和 0 值未通过 Wix VelobulkInsert 插入到 PostgreSQL 中
- 为什么我的 Bootstrap 下拉菜单无法关闭
- 即使没有定义，表单字段也是必需的
- 将多行句子字符串拆分为包含单个单词的索引数组的数组
- 将spark df中的所有列从十进制转换为浮点数以进行pandas转换
- 从多个批次写入相同颜色的附件
- 将格式化的单行字符串解析为具有预定义列名称的关联数组的数组
- 滤波器如何在 CNN 的第一层中运行 RGB 图像？
- 将带有两个分隔符的字符串分解为索引数组的数组[重复]
- 使用预定义的列名称将制表符分隔的多行文本解析为关联数组的数组
- 用带引号的子字符串分解 CSV 字符串以创建平面数组[重复]
- 应启用所有供应商特定的设备扩展吗？
© www.soinside.com 2019 - 2024. All rights reserved.