我的OpenGL项目中的着色器无法编译。我有Ubuntu 16.04 LTS，使用CLion。没有找到任何解决方案，这就是为什么在这里问。
这是我的错误列表：
ATTENTION: default value of option force_s3tc_enable overridden by environment.
ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED
0:1(1): error: syntax error, unexpected $end
ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED
0:1(1): error: syntax error, unexpected $end
ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED
error: linking with uncompiled shadererror: linking with uncompiled shader
这是我的main.cpp代码：
#include <iostream>
// GLEW
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
// GLFW
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
// Other includes
#include "Shader.h"
// Window dimensions
const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600;
// The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop
int main( )
{
// Init GLFW
glfwInit( );
// Set all the required options for GLFW
glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3 );
glfwWindowHint( GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3 );
glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE );
glfwWindowHint( GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE );
glfwWindowHint( GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE );
// Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions
GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow( WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr );
int screenWidth, screenHeight;
glfwGetFramebufferSize( window, &screenWidth, &screenHeight );
if ( nullptr == window )
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate( );
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent( window );
// Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
// Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers
if ( GLEW_OK != glewInit( ) )
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// Define the viewport dimensions
glViewport( 0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight );
// Build and compile our shader program
Shader ourShader( "core.vs", "core.frag" );
// Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers
GLfloat vertices[] =
{
// Positions // Colors
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Right
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Left
0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // Top
};
GLuint VBO, VAO;
glGenVertexArrays( 1, &VAO );
glGenBuffers( 1, &VBO );
// Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
glBindVertexArray( VAO );
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO );
glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW );
// Position attribute
glVertexAttribPointer( 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof( GLfloat ), ( GLvoid * ) 0 );
glEnableVertexAttribArray( 0 );
// Color attribute
glVertexAttribPointer( 1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof( GLfloat ), ( GLvoid * )( 3 * sizeof( GLfloat ) ) );
glEnableVertexAttribArray( 1 );
glBindVertexArray( 0 ); // Unbind VAO
// Game loop
while ( !glfwWindowShouldClose( window ) )
{
// Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions
glfwPollEvents( );
// Render
// Clear the colorbuffer
glClearColor( 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
// Draw the triangle
ourShader.Use( );
glBindVertexArray( VAO );
glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3 );
glBindVertexArray(0);
// Swap the screen buffers
glfwSwapBuffers( window );
}
// Properly de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose
glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &VAO );
glDeleteBuffers( 1, &VBO );
// Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW.
glfwTerminate( );
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Shader.h代码：
#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <cstring>
class Shader
{
public:
GLuint Program;
// Constructor generates the shader on the fly
Shader( const GLchar *vertexPath, const GLchar *fragmentPath )
{
// 1. Retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
std::string vertexCode;
std::string fragmentCode;
std::ifstream vShaderFile;
std::ifstream fShaderFile;
// ensures ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
vShaderFile.exceptions ( std::ifstream::badbit );
fShaderFile.exceptions ( std::ifstream::badbit );
try
{
// Open files
vShaderFile.open( vertexPath );
fShaderFile.open( fragmentPath );
std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
// Read file's buffer contents into streams
vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf( );
fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf( );
// close file handlers
vShaderFile.close( );
fShaderFile.close( );
// Convert stream into string
vertexCode = vShaderStream.str( );
fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str( );
}
catch ( std::ifstream::failure e )
{
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
}
const GLchar *vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str( );
const GLchar *fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str( );
// 2. Compile shaders
GLuint vertex, fragment;
GLint success;
GLchar infoLog[512];
// Vertex Shader
vertex = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER );
glShaderSource( vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader( vertex );
// Print compile errors if any
glGetShaderiv( vertex, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success );
if ( !success )
{
glGetShaderInfoLog( vertex, 512, NULL, infoLog );
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// Fragment Shader
fragment = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER );
glShaderSource( fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader( fragment );
// Print compile errors if any
glGetShaderiv( fragment, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success );
if ( !success )
{
glGetShaderInfoLog( fragment, 512, NULL, infoLog );
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// Shader Program
this->Program = glCreateProgram( );
glAttachShader( this->Program, vertex );
glAttachShader( this->Program, fragment );
glLinkProgram( this->Program );
// Print linking errors if any
glGetProgramiv( this->Program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success );
if (!success)
{
glGetProgramInfoLog( this->Program, 512, NULL, infoLog );
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// Delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessery
glDeleteShader( vertex );
glDeleteShader( fragment );
}
// Uses the current shader
void Use( )
{
glUseProgram( this->Program );
}
};
#endif
这是我的core.vs：
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 texCoord;
out vec3 ourColor;
out vec2 TexCoord;
void main()
{
gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0f);
ourColor = color;
// We swap the y-axis by substracing our coordinates from 1. This is done because most images have the top y-axis inversed with OpenGL's top y-axis.
// TexCoord = texCoord;
TexCoord = vec2(texCoord.x, 1.0 - texCoord.y);
}
...和core.frag：
#version 330 core
in vec3 ourColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
out vec4 color;
// Texture samplers
uniform sampler2D ourTexture1;
void main()
{
// Linearly interpolate between both textures (second texture is only slightly combined)
color = texture(ourTexture1, TexCoord);
}
我还附上了我的CMakeLists.txt。希望能帮助到你：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
project(STUDY_GL)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++14 -pthread -fpermissive")
find_package (OpenGL REQUIRED)
find_package (GLUT REQUIRED)
find_package (glfw3 REQUIRED)
find_library (glew REQUIRED)
find_library (glad REQUIRED)
include_directories(${/usr/include/GLFW/})
include_directories(${/usr/include/GL/})
file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES
*.cpp
*.h
)
add_executable(main.cpp ${SOURCE_FILES} Shader.h)
target_link_libraries (main.cpp ${OPENGL_LIBRARIES} ${GLUT_LIBRARIES} ${GLFW3_LIBRARIES} -lGL -lglfw -lglut -lGLEW)
我在项目中有一个SOIL2目录。这是它的link。
一般来说你的代码很好，但你必须将std::ifstream::failbit传递给std::ios::exceptions，因为如果std::ifstream::open失败，则设置failbit状态标志。
vShaderFile.exceptions ( std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit );
fShaderFile.exceptions ( std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit );
try
{
vShaderFile.open( vertexPath );
fShaderFile.open( fragmentPath );
.....
}
catch ( std::ifstream::failure e )
{
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
}
我打赌你的工作目录没有正确设置。出于调试原因，请使用着色器文件的绝对文件路径。 如果无法访问着色器源文件，并且您的代码没有抛出任何异常，那么您尝试编译空字符串。这会导致错误消息。
顺便说一下，由于您在问题中发布的代码段中没有使用任何纹理，因此您应该对片段着色器进行以下更改：
// color = texture(ourTexture1, TexCoord); <--- skip
color = vec4(ourColor,1.0); <--- add
当你没有指定源字符串长度的情况下，在末尾没有空终结符的着色器源传递给glShaderSource时，通常会发生错误。由于典型文件通常不包含空终止符，因此OpenGL将读取源字符串的末尾。
解决方案是传入着色器源字符串的确切长度。