我有以下代码来测试 sklearn python 库的一些最流行的 ML 算法:
import numpy as np
from sklearn import metrics, svm
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import LinearDiscriminantAnalysis
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.svm import SVC
trainingData = np.array([ [2.3, 4.3, 2.5], [1.3, 5.2, 5.2], [3.3, 2.9, 0.8], [3.1, 4.3, 4.0] ])
trainingScores = np.array( [3.4, 7.5, 4.5, 1.6] )
predictionData = np.array([ [2.5, 2.4, 2.7], [2.7, 3.2, 1.2] ])
clf = LinearRegression()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("LinearRegression")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = svm.SVR()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("SVR")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = LogisticRegression()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("LogisticRegression")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = DecisionTreeClassifier()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("DecisionTreeClassifier")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = KNeighborsClassifier()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("KNeighborsClassifier")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = LinearDiscriminantAnalysis()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("LinearDiscriminantAnalysis")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = GaussianNB()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("GaussianNB")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
clf = SVC()
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print("SVC")
print(clf.predict(predictionData))
前两个工作正常,但我在
LogisticRegression
调用中遇到以下错误:
root@ubupc1:/home/ouhma# python stack.py
LinearRegression
[ 15.72023529 6.46666667]
SVR
[ 3.95570063 4.23426243]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "stack.py", line 28, in <module>
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/logistic.py", line 1174, in fit
check_classification_targets(y)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sklearn/utils/multiclass.py", line 172, in check_classification_targets
raise ValueError("Unknown label type: %r" % y_type)
ValueError: Unknown label type: 'continuous'
输入的数据与之前的调用相同,那么这里发生了什么?
顺便问一下,为什么
LinearRegression()
和SVR()
算法(15.72 vs 3.95)
的第一次预测有巨大差异?
您将浮点数传递给分类器,该分类器期望分类值作为目标向量。如果您将其转换为
int
,它将被接受为输入(尽管这是否是正确的方法会受到质疑)。
labelEncoder
函数来转换你的训练成绩。
DecisionTree 和 KNeighbors 限定符也是如此。
from sklearn import preprocessing
from sklearn import utils
lab_enc = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
encoded = lab_enc.fit_transform(trainingScores)
>>> array([1, 3, 2, 0], dtype=int64)
print(utils.multiclass.type_of_target(trainingScores))
>>> continuous
print(utils.multiclass.type_of_target(trainingScores.astype('int')))
>>> multiclass
print(utils.multiclass.type_of_target(encoded))
>>> multiclass
LogisticRegression
不是为了回归而是分类!
Y
变量必须是分类类别,
(例如
0
或 1
)
并且不是
continuous
变量,
这将是一个回归问题。
在尝试将浮点数输入分类器时,我遇到了同样的问题。为了准确性,我想保留浮点数而不是整数。尝试使用回归算法。例如:
import numpy as np
from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn import svm
classifiers = [
svm.SVR(),
linear_model.SGDRegressor(),
linear_model.BayesianRidge(),
linear_model.LassoLars(),
linear_model.ARDRegression(),
linear_model.PassiveAggressiveRegressor(),
linear_model.TheilSenRegressor(),
linear_model.LinearRegression()]
trainingData = np.array([ [2.3, 4.3, 2.5], [1.3, 5.2, 5.2], [3.3, 2.9, 0.8], [3.1, 4.3, 4.0] ])
trainingScores = np.array( [3.4, 7.5, 4.5, 1.6] )
predictionData = np.array([ [2.5, 2.4, 2.7], [2.7, 3.2, 1.2] ])
for item in classifiers:
print(item)
clf = item
clf.fit(trainingData, trainingScores)
print(clf.predict(predictionData),'\n')
回归是一个分类问题,输出函数y为0,1或True、False。然后对你的原始数据进行 fit_transform 就足够了。
from sklearn import preprocessing
y = y_train.ravel()
lab = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
y_transformed = lab.fit_transform(y)
print(y_transformed)