我在我的码头工人安装pipenv：
RUN pip install pipenv
RUN cd /my/app/path/ && pipenv install
RUN cd /my/app/path/ && pipenv shell
我得到错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/pipenv", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(cli())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 722, in __call__
return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 697, in main
rv = self.invoke(ctx)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 1066, in invoke
return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 895, in invoke
return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 535, in invoke
return callback(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli.py", line 2057, in shell
do_shell(three=three, python=python, fancy=fancy, shell_args=shell_args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli.py", line 1952, in do_shell
shell = os.path.abspath(PIPENV_SHELL)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 360, in abspath
if not isabs(path):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/posixpath.py", line 54, in isabs
return s.startswith('/')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'startswith'
如果我跑
RUN cd /my/app/path/ && pipenv install --system
相反，我得到另一个错误：
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:45 Step 5/9 : RUN cd /my/app/path && pipenv install --system
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:45 ---> Running in cffd31633074
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:46 [91mPipfile.lock not found, creating…
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:46 [0m[91mLocking [dev-packages] dependencies…
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:46 [0m[91mLocking [packages] dependencies…
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91mCRITICAL:pip.utils:Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory while executing command python setup.py egg_info
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91mTraceback (most recent call last):
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/bin/pipenv", line 11, in <module>
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 sys.exit(cli())
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 722, in __call__
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 697, in main
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m rv = self.invoke(ctx)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 1066, in invoke
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 895, in invoke
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/vendor/click/core.py", line 535, in invoke
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 return callback(*args, **kwargs)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli.py", line 1782, in install
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m do_init(dev=dev, allow_global=system, ignore_pipfile=ignore_pipfile, system=system, skip_lock=skip_lock, verbose=verbose, concurrent=concurrent, deploy=deploy)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli.py", line 1290, in do_init
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m do_lock(system=system)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/cli.py", line 1080, in do_lock
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m pre=pre
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/utils.py", line 421, in resolve_deps
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m resolved_tree.update(resolver.resolve())
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/piptools/resolver.py", line 101, in resolve
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m has_changed, best_matches = self._resolve_one_round()
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/piptools/resolver.py", line 199, in _resolve_one_round
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m for dep in self._iter_dependencies(best_match):
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/piptools/resolver.py", line 293, in _iter_dependencies
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 dependencies = self.repository.get_dependencies(ireq)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/piptools/repositories/pypi.py", line 171, in get_dependencies
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 result = reqset._prepare_file(self.finder, ireq)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/pip/req/req_set.py", line 639, in _prepare_file
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m abstract_dist.prep_for_dist()
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/pip/req/req_set.py", line 134, in prep_for_dist
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m self.req_to_install.run_egg_info()
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/pip/req/req_install.py", line 438, in run_egg_info
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m command_desc='python setup.py egg_info')
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pipenv/patched/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 667, in call_subprocess
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m cwd=cwd, env=env)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 711, in __init__
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m errread, errwrite)
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1343, in _execute_child
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0m[91m raise child_exception
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory
error 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 The command '/bin/sh -c cd /opt/supercrunch/function-service/lib && pipenv install --system' returned a non-zero code: 1
build 30-Sep-2017 16:50:49 [0mSending build context to Docker daemon 40.96 kB
但是，当我改为做以下事情时：
RUN pip install pipenv
RUN cd /my/app/path && pipenv install
RUN cd /my/app/path && pipenv install --system
这是工作...
所以有两个问题：第一：为什么pipenv shell给我这个错误，第二：为什么我必须在pipenv install之前做pipenv install --system才能让它工作？
我想使用pipenv来创建具有不同python版本和不同依赖版本的虚拟环境。
考虑到你的问题，我知道最简单的方法是更新到最新版本的pipenv。它仍处于开发阶段，所以很快就会解决问题。
我们在生产中使用pipenv和docker。我们真的很喜欢它。有几点需要注意：
--system标志，因此它会将所有软件包安装到系统python中，而不是安装到virtualenv中。由于docker容器不需要有virtualenvs--deploy标志，因此如果您的Pipfile.lock已过期，您的构建将失败--ignore-pipfile，所以它不会弄乱我们的设置检查the official docs以确保此信息是最新的。
总而言之：
pipenv install --system --deploy --ignore-pipfile
还有一件事。如果您在开发和生产中使用相同的Dockerfile，那么仅在开发环境中使用--dev标志也是非常好的。
另外，查看我们的django项目模板以查看完整的示例：wemake-django-template
pipenv文档不再正式建议在docker实例中使用--system标志。相反，他们建议使用虚拟环境，因为“它是用于部署到完整的操作系统”。这是警告：
...大多数集装箱都是在没有虚拟装置的情况下部署的，我相信你们都注意到了，我相信我的目的是保持纤薄并通过尽可能少地安装减少攻击面积
正如https://github.com/pypa/pipenv/pull/2762所述。
相反，解决方案是运行（如此处的不同答案中所述）：
RUN pipenv install --deploy --ignore-pipfile
然后使用pipenv run将所有调用前缀加载到python，例如： CMD ["pipenv", "run", "python", "hello.py"]
PS。我本来想把它作为对已接受答案的评论，但我没有声誉。
这个问题的直接答案是不使用shell，而是使用run：
CMD ["pipenv", "run", "python", "my/app.py"]
如果你需要更多的灵活性，你也可以使用pipenv run sh init.sh，这将创建一个用所有pipenv环境变量初始化的shell。
我实际上更喜欢C. Sweet提到的方法。如果您可以通过预先构建虚拟环境并简单地将其复制（设置PIPENV_VENV_IN_PROJECT然后使用嵌套的FROM，然后使用COPY --from=builder-image），则不需要在最终容器中使用python或pipenv或pipenv依赖项。这大大减小了最终图像的大小。
Dockerfile：
WORKDIR /etc/service/
CMD ["sh", "/etc/service/init.sh"]
init.sh：
source /etc/service/my/.venv/bin/activate
python my/app.py