我正在尝试在Go中实现一个简单的函数,该函数返回一组数字的所有排列。我可以打印所有排列,但是无法将它们附加到2D切片上。这是排列的代码:
package main
import "fmt"
// Generating permutation using Heap Algorithm
func heapPermutation(p *[][]int, a []int, size, n, count int) int {
count++
// if size becomes 1 then prints the obtained
// permutation
if size == 1 {
fmt.Println(a)
*p = append(*p, a)
return count
}
i := 0
for i < size {
count = heapPermutation(p, a, size-1, n, count)
// if size is odd, swap first and last
// element
// else If size is even, swap ith and last element
if size%2 != 0 {
a[0], a[size-1] = a[size-1], a[0]
} else {
a[i], a[size-1] = a[size-1], a[i]
}
i++
}
return count
}
这是主要功能:
func main() {
listNumbers := []int{1, 2, 3}
n := len(listNumbers)
permutations := make([][]int, 0)
p := &permutations
heapPermutation(p, listNumbers, n, n, 0)
fmt.Print(permutations)
}
当我运行此代码时,我得到以下输出:
[1 2 3]
[2 1 3]
[3 1 2]
[1 3 2]
[2 3 1]
[3 2 1]
[[1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3]]
所以您可以看到该函数能够找到排列,但是当我尝试附加它时,会发生一些奇怪的事情。如果在每次追加之前添加fmt.Println(*p)
,我将得到以下结果:
[1 2 3]
[[1 2 3]]
[2 1 3]
[[2 1 3] [2 1 3]]
[3 1 2]
[[3 1 2] [3 1 2] [3 1 2]]
[1 3 2]
[[1 3 2] [1 3 2] [1 3 2] [1 3 2]]
[2 3 1]
[[2 3 1] [2 3 1] [2 3 1] [2 3 1] [2 3 1]]
[3 2 1]
[[3 2 1] [3 2 1] [3 2 1] [3 2 1] [3 2 1] [3 2 1]]
[[1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3] [1 2 3]]
因此,每次我使用append时,它都会添加新的切片并覆盖所有其他切片。为什么会这样呢?顺便说一句,如果我只是使用全局变量而不是指针,则是相同的。
谢谢
您没有将不同的[]int
切片附加到较大的[][]int
切片中,而是一次又一次地附加了相同的a
。并且您要多次修改a
。最后,您已经将a
修改回原来的样子,这就是为什么最终输出看起来像原始输入listNumbers
重复了六次的原因。
这是解决问题的更直接的方法:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
a := []int{1}
p := [][]int{a, a, a}
fmt.Println(p) // [[1] [1] [1]]
a[0] = 2
fmt.Println(p) // [[2] [2] [2]]
}
为了获得所需的结果,您需要制作a
的副本,以后再修改a
时不会受到影响。例如:
tmp := make([]int, len(a))
copy(tmp, a)
*p = append(*p, tmp)
阅读有关copy
here的更多信息。
好吧,在@Amit Kumar Gupta的帮助下,我开始工作了!这是新代码:套餐主
import "fmt"
// Generating permutation using Heap Algorithm
func heapPermutation(p *[][]int, a []int, size, n, count int) int {
count++
// if size becomes 1 then prints the obtained
// permutation
if size == 1 {
fmt.Println(a)
tmp := make([]int, len(a))
/*
'a' is like a pointer to an object,
every time you modify 'a' it will change all the elemets of 'a'
in the permutations list.
like so
:
a := []int{1}
p := [][]int{a, a, a}
fmt.Println(p) // [[1] [1] [1]]
a[0] = 2
fmt.Println(p) // [[2] [2] [2]]
*/
copy(tmp, a)
*p = append(*p, tmp)
fmt.Println(*p)
return count
}
i := 0
for i < size {
count = heapPermutation(p, a, size-1, n, count)
// if size is odd, swap first and last
// element
// else If size is even, swap ith and last element
if size%2 != 0 {
a[0], a[size-1] = a[size-1], a[0]
} else {
a[i], a[size-1] = a[size-1], a[i]
}
i++
}
return count
}
此代码产生此答案:
[[[1 2 3] [2 1 3] [3 1 2] [1 3 2] [2 3 1] [3 2 1]]