在Python多元线性回归

问题描述 投票:108回答:11

我似乎无法找到做多的回归任何Python库。唯一的东西,我觉得只能做最简单的回归。我需要我的回归因变量(Y)对几个自变量(X1,X2,X3等)。

例如,对于这样的数据:

print 'y        x1      x2       x3       x4      x5     x6       x7'
for t in texts:
    print "{:>7.1f}{:>10.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>10.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>9.2f}" /
   .format(t.y,t.x1,t.x2,t.x3,t.x4,t.x5,t.x6,t.x7)

(输出为上述:)

      y        x1       x2       x3        x4     x5     x6       x7
   -6.0     -4.95    -5.87    -0.76     14.73   4.02   0.20     0.45
   -5.0     -4.55    -4.52    -0.71     13.74   4.47   0.16     0.50
  -10.0    -10.96   -11.64    -0.98     15.49   4.18   0.19     0.53
   -5.0     -1.08    -3.36     0.75     24.72   4.96   0.16     0.60
   -8.0     -6.52    -7.45    -0.86     16.59   4.29   0.10     0.48
   -3.0     -0.81    -2.36    -0.50     22.44   4.81   0.15     0.53
   -6.0     -7.01    -7.33    -0.33     13.93   4.32   0.21     0.50
   -8.0     -4.46    -7.65    -0.94     11.40   4.43   0.16     0.49
   -8.0    -11.54   -10.03    -1.03     18.18   4.28   0.21     0.55

我将如何在Python退步这些,得到线性回归方程:

Y = a1x1 + a3x3 + a2x2 + a5x5 + a4x4 + a6x6 + + + C a7x7

python numpy statistics scipy linear-regression
11个回答
94
投票

sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression将做到这一点:

from sklearn import linear_model
clf = linear_model.LinearRegression()
clf.fit([[getattr(t, 'x%d' % i) for i in range(1, 8)] for t in texts],
        [t.y for t in texts])

然后clf.coef_将回归系数。

sklearn.linear_model也有类似的接口做各种的回归正则化的。


1
投票

您可以使用以下的功能,并将它传递一个数据帧:

def linear(x, y=None, show=True):
    """
    @param x: pd.DataFrame
    @param y: pd.DataFrame or pd.Series or None
              if None, then use last column of x as y
    @param show: if show regression summary
    """
    import statsmodels.api as sm

    xy = sm.add_constant(x if y is None else pd.concat([x, y], axis=1))
    res = sm.OLS(xy.ix[:, -1], xy.ix[:, :-1], missing='drop').fit()

    if show: print res.summary()
    return res

0
投票

下面是一个替代的和基本的方法:

from patsy import dmatrices
import statsmodels.api as sm

y,x = dmatrices("y_data ~ x_1 + x_2 ", data = my_data)
### y_data is the name of the dependent variable in your data ### 
model_fit = sm.OLS(y,x)
results = model_fit.fit()
print(results.summary())

取而代之的sm.OLS你也可以使用sm.Logitsm.Probit等。


58
投票

这里是一个小的工作围绕我创建。我有R检查,它的工作原理是正确的。

import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm

y = [1,2,3,4,3,4,5,4,5,5,4,5,4,5,4,5,6,5,4,5,4,3,4]

x = [
     [4,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,4,8,9,8,8,6,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5],
     [4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,6,5],
     [4,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,6,6,4,4,4]
     ]

def reg_m(y, x):
    ones = np.ones(len(x[0]))
    X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((x[0], ones)))
    for ele in x[1:]:
        X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((ele, X)))
    results = sm.OLS(y, X).fit()
    return results

结果:

print reg_m(y, x).summary()

输出:

                            OLS Regression Results                            
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable:                      y   R-squared:                       0.535
Model:                            OLS   Adj. R-squared:                  0.461
Method:                 Least Squares   F-statistic:                     7.281
Date:                Tue, 19 Feb 2013   Prob (F-statistic):            0.00191
Time:                        21:51:28   Log-Likelihood:                -26.025
No. Observations:                  23   AIC:                             60.05
Df Residuals:                      19   BIC:                             64.59
Df Model:                           3                                         
==============================================================================
                 coef    std err          t      P>|t|      [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1             0.2424      0.139      1.739      0.098        -0.049     0.534
x2             0.2360      0.149      1.587      0.129        -0.075     0.547
x3            -0.0618      0.145     -0.427      0.674        -0.365     0.241
const          1.5704      0.633      2.481      0.023         0.245     2.895

==============================================================================
Omnibus:                        6.904   Durbin-Watson:                   1.905
Prob(Omnibus):                  0.032   Jarque-Bera (JB):                4.708
Skew:                          -0.849   Prob(JB):                       0.0950
Kurtosis:                       4.426   Cond. No.                         38.6

pandas提供了一个方便的方式来运行OLS在此给出答案:

Run an OLS regression with Pandas Data Frame


44
投票

我想弄清楚,你给的例子是多元线性回归,而不是多元线性回归参考。 Difference

单个标预测变量x和单个标响应变量y的非常简单的情况下被称为简单线性回归。扩展到多个和/或矢量值的预测变量(用大写字母X表示)被称为多元线性回归,也被称为多变量线性回归。几乎所有现实世界的回归模型涉及多个预测和线性回归的基本描述往往是在多元回归模型来表述。但是请注意,在这些情况下,应变量y仍然是一个标量。另一术语多元线性回归是指例,其中y是一个向量,即,同为一般线性回归。多元线性回归和多变量线性回归之间的差应当强调,因为它会导致在文献中许多混乱和误解。

简而言之:

  • 多重线性回归:响应y是一个标量。
  • 多元线性回归:响应y是一个矢量。

(另一种source。)


26
投票

您可以使用numpy.linalg.lstsq

import numpy as np
y = np.array([-6,-5,-10,-5,-8,-3,-6,-8,-8])
X = np.array([[-4.95,-4.55,-10.96,-1.08,-6.52,-0.81,-7.01,-4.46,-11.54],[-5.87,-4.52,-11.64,-3.36,-7.45,-2.36,-7.33,-7.65,-10.03],[-0.76,-0.71,-0.98,0.75,-0.86,-0.50,-0.33,-0.94,-1.03],[14.73,13.74,15.49,24.72,16.59,22.44,13.93,11.40,18.18],[4.02,4.47,4.18,4.96,4.29,4.81,4.32,4.43,4.28],[0.20,0.16,0.19,0.16,0.10,0.15,0.21,0.16,0.21],[0.45,0.50,0.53,0.60,0.48,0.53,0.50,0.49,0.55]])
X = X.T # transpose so input vectors are along the rows
X = np.c_[X, np.ones(X.shape[0])] # add bias term
beta_hat = np.linalg.lstsq(X,y)[0]
print beta_hat

结果:

[ -0.49104607   0.83271938   0.0860167    0.1326091    6.85681762  22.98163883 -41.08437805 -19.08085066]

你可以看到预计产量有:

print np.dot(X,beta_hat)

结果:

[ -5.97751163,  -5.06465759, -10.16873217,  -4.96959788,  -7.96356915,  -3.06176313,  -6.01818435,  -7.90878145,  -7.86720264]

12
投票

使用scipy.optimize.curve_fit。而且不仅是线性拟合。

from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
import scipy

def fn(x, a, b, c):
    return a + b*x[0] + c*x[1]

# y(x0,x1) data:
#    x0=0 1 2
# ___________
# x1=0 |0 1 2
# x1=1 |1 2 3
# x1=2 |2 3 4

x = scipy.array([[0,1,2,0,1,2,0,1,2,],[0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2]])
y = scipy.array([0,1,2,1,2,3,2,3,4])
popt, pcov = curve_fit(fn, x, y)
print popt

8
投票

一旦你的数据转换成数据框大熊猫(df

import statsmodels.formula.api as smf
lm = smf.ols(formula='y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7', data=df).fit()
print(lm.params)

截距项默认情况下包括在内。

this notebook更多的例子。


4
投票

我想,这可能是最简单的方法来完成这项工作:

from random import random
from pandas import DataFrame
from statsmodels.api import OLS
lr = lambda : [random() for i in range(100)]
x = DataFrame({'x1': lr(), 'x2':lr(), 'x3':lr()})
x['b'] = 1
y = x.x1 + x.x2 * 2 + x.x3 * 3 + 4

print x.head()

         x1        x2        x3  b
0  0.433681  0.946723  0.103422  1
1  0.400423  0.527179  0.131674  1
2  0.992441  0.900678  0.360140  1
3  0.413757  0.099319  0.825181  1
4  0.796491  0.862593  0.193554  1

print y.head()

0    6.637392
1    5.849802
2    7.874218
3    7.087938
4    7.102337
dtype: float64

model = OLS(y, x)
result = model.fit()
print result.summary()

                            OLS Regression Results                            
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable:                      y   R-squared:                       1.000
Model:                            OLS   Adj. R-squared:                  1.000
Method:                 Least Squares   F-statistic:                 5.859e+30
Date:                Wed, 09 Dec 2015   Prob (F-statistic):               0.00
Time:                        15:17:32   Log-Likelihood:                 3224.9
No. Observations:                 100   AIC:                            -6442.
Df Residuals:                      96   BIC:                            -6431.
Df Model:                           3                                         
Covariance Type:            nonrobust                                         
==============================================================================
                 coef    std err          t      P>|t|      [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1             1.0000   8.98e-16   1.11e+15      0.000         1.000     1.000
x2             2.0000   8.28e-16   2.41e+15      0.000         2.000     2.000
x3             3.0000   8.34e-16    3.6e+15      0.000         3.000     3.000
b              4.0000   8.51e-16    4.7e+15      0.000         4.000     4.000
==============================================================================
Omnibus:                        7.675   Durbin-Watson:                   1.614
Prob(Omnibus):                  0.022   Jarque-Bera (JB):                3.118
Skew:                           0.045   Prob(JB):                        0.210
Kurtosis:                       2.140   Cond. No.                         6.89
==============================================================================

4
投票

多重线性回归可以使用sklearn文库作为上面提到的处理。我使用的是蟒蛇安装Python 3.6的。

创建你的模型如下:

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X, y)

# display coefficients
print(regressor.coef_)

3
投票

您可以使用numpy.linalg.lstsq

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