我是 C# 和依赖注入的新手。目前我正在做一个新项目,想在技术上取得进步。
在这个项目中,我有三种情况导致循环依赖。
我已经阅读了很多关于此的内容并找到了像
Lazy<T>
和 IServiceProvider
这样的解决方案,但我想为这个问题学习一个干净的解决方案,并希望遵循最常见的建议来重构代码。
我们在这个例子中有四个服务:
AccountService
-> 登录、注销等
HttpService
-> 做API-Stuff
LogService
-> 做一些记录
LogRepository
-> 用于 EF 的日志记录表/包装器的 CRUD
AccountService
使用 HttpService
通过 API 进行身份验证。稍后,我想使用 HttpService
通过 API 获取更多数据。 HttpService
现在需要 AccountService
来获取令牌以验证请求。这导致循环依赖错误。
账户服务
public interface IAccountService
{
Identity Identity { get; }
Task Login(Credentials Credentials);
Task Logout();
}
public class AccountService : IAccountService
{
public Identity Identity { get; private set; }
private readonly IHttpService _httpService;
private readonly ILogService _logService;
public AccountService(
IHttpService HttpService, ILogService LogService)
{
_httpService = HttpService;
_logService = LogService;
}
public async Task Login(Credentials Credentials)
{
Identity = await _httpService.Post<Identity>(
"api/rest/v1/user/authenticate", Credentials);
}
}
HttpService
public interface IHttpService
{
Task<T> Get<T>(string uri);
Task Post(string uri, object value);
Task<T> Post<T>(string uri, object value);
}
public class HttpService : IHttpService
{
private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
private readonly IAccountService _accountService;
private readonly ILogService _logService;
public HttpService(
HttpClient HttpClient,
IAccountService AccountService,
ILogService ILogService)
{
_httpClient = HttpClient;
_accountService = AccountService;
_logService = LogService;
}
private async Task AddAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage Request)
{
Request.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue(
"bearer", _accountService.Identity.SystemToken);
}
}
解决或适当重新设计这个问题的最佳实践是什么?
我有更多的循环依赖,例如在
LogService
中使用LogRepository
或在LogService
中使用HttpService
(因为HttpService
将日志条目发送到服务器)。
非常感谢您的帮助!
尽管您的object graph是循环的(
AccountService
->HttpService
->AccountService
)您的call graph不是。调用可能如下所示:
AccountService.Login
-> HttpService.Post
-> HttpService.AddAuthentication
-> AccountService.Identity
具有非循环调用图的循环对象图经常发生在违反单一责任原则的组件上。类获得的功能越多(方法越多),它们的对象图变得循环的可能性就越大。将类拆分为更小、更集中的部分,不仅可以解决循环依赖问题,而且通常还可以改进应用程序的设计。
我认为您的案例实际上与我在DIPP&P的6.3节中讨论的示例非常相似。该部分专门讨论修复循环依赖性。
长话短说,我认为你最好的选择是将
AccountService
分成(至少)两项服务:
两种服务都有自己的界面,与
IAccountService
相比,这些新界面现在不那么宽了。这提高了您遵守接口隔离原则的机会。
这是一个看起来像的例子:
让我们从新的接口定义开始:
// Contains Login and Logout methods of old IAccountService
public interface IAuthenticationService
{
Task Login(Credentials Credentials);
Task Logout();
}
// Contains Identity property of old IAccountService
public interface IIdentityProvider
{
// For simplicity I added a setter to the interface, because that keeps
// the example simple, but it is possible to keep Identity read-only if
// required.
Identity Identity { get; set; }
}
// This interface is kept unchanged.
public interface IHttpService
{
Task<T> Get<T>(string uri);
Task Post(string uri, object value);
Task<T> Post<T>(string uri, object value);
}
接下来让我们看看实现,从
IAuthenticationService
实现开始:
// Old AccountService, now depending on IIdentityProvider
public class AuthenticationService : IAuthenticationService
{
private readonly IHttpService _httpService;
private readonly ILogService _logService;
private readonly IIdentityProvider _identityProvider;
public AccountService(
IHttpService HttpService,
ILogService LogService,
IIdentityProvider IdentityProvider)
{
_httpService = HttpService;
_logService = LogService;
_identityProvider = IdentityProvider;
}
public async Task Login(Credentials Credentials)
{
_identityProvider.Identity = await _httpService.Post<Identity>(
"api/rest/v1/user/authenticate", Credentials);
}
}
这个“新”
AuthenticationService
包含AccountService
的部分代码,其余的旧AccountService
逻辑隐藏在新的IIdentityProvider
抽象背后,注入AuthenticationService
。这种重构与Facade Service重构非常相似(有关Facade Service重构的详细讨论,请参阅DIPP&P的6.1部分)。
IdentityProvider
实现新的 IIdentityProvider
接口并包含来自 AccountService
的旧逻辑:
public class IdentityProvider : IIdentityProvider
{
public Identity Identity { get; set; }
}
最后,
HttpService
现在取决于IIdentityProvider
而不是IAccountService
:
// Now depends on IIdentityProvider instead of IAccountService
public class HttpService : IHttpService
{
private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
private readonly IIdentityProvider _identityProvider;
private readonly ILogService _logService;
public HttpService(
HttpClient HttpClient,
IIdentityProvider IdentityProvider,
ILogService ILogService)
{
_httpClient = HttpClient;
_identityProvider = IdentityProvider;
_logService = LogService;
}
private async Task AddAuthentication(HttpRequestMessage Request)
{
// Now uses the new IIdentityProvider dependency instead
// of the old IAccountService, which caused the cycle.
Request.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue(
"bearer", _identityProvider.Identity.SystemToken);
}
}
使用这种新的设计,对象图不再是循环的,可以构造如下:
var identity = new IdentityProvider();
var logger = new LogService();
new AccountService(
new HttpService(
new HttpClient(...),
identity,
logger),
logger,
identity);